King Richard and King John: Ace Booklet

Question 1

What were the attitudes towards crusaders?

Answer 1

Both Positive and Negative:
Defenders of faith, the King being what he is supposed to be
People hated the cost. You were mad not to go on crusades.

Question 2

Why did Richard go on Crusades?

Answer 2

Prove his Worth
Earn his nickname
Show bravery
Create legendary status

Question 3

What was Richard’s Personal connection to the crusade?

Answer 3

His great grandad had been an awesome crusader. He wanted to keep the family connection going.

Question 4

What was Richard’s Religious commitment to crusades?

Answer 4

He wanted to show he was worthy to the Pope and God. He felt it was his sacred duty.

Question 5

Why did Richard go on crusades for personal glory?

Answer 5

He wanted to go down in History as someone with a reputation for bravery and this was a chance for him to be remembered in the future as a great warrior.

Question 6

Why was the time right for Richard to go on a crusade?

Answer 6

He had just been crowned king, so it was easier for him to raise money, and show off his power and influence so that others could join the crusade.

Question 7

What was the agreement made after Richard beat Saladin at Acre?

Answer 7

Saladin would release Christian prisoners and return an expensive Christian cross to them.

Question 8

What happened after Saladin took too long to honour his agreement?

Answer 8

Richard executed 2,700 Muslim prisoners.

Question 9

What was Richard able to do after beating Saladin at Arsuf?

Answer 9

He captured the town of Jaffa.

He felt confident enough to march on Jerusalem.

Question 10

What was the nature of the feudal system?

Answer 10

The king owned land. He Subdivided it to his Barons, who employed people to look after it.
Barons provided Knights for Knight service. 40 days guarding castles, 2 months in the army.

Question 11

What was the Nature of Kingship?

Answer 11

They were expected to be strong and powerful. Protect the country from internal and external threats.`
To move around the country showing strength and commanding loyalty and obedience.
Show off strength, exude power and fairness and deliver justice.

Question 12

How influential was the church?

Answer 12

People looked up to the church and wanted the church to look after them and save them from hell.
The church owned 20% of the land as part of the feudal system.
The clergy were expected to perform marriages, baptisms and funerals.

Question 13

What was life like in towns?

Answer 13

More freedom in villages, depending on who you were, as you were free to make your own rules and laws.
Tradesmen joined guilds, which allowed them to sell their goods for free at a town market.
Town charter contained all the rules that applied to people living in the towns. There was usually a large stone wall around the town.

Question 14

What was life like in villages?

Answer 14

Based around farming, which was hard work, but it promoted a good family life.
Land on manor estates was divided into strips, which different crops were grown on at different times of year.
Leisure activities included drinking homemade ale and wrestling.

Question 15

Why was there a bad attitude towards Jewish people?

Answer 15

It was biblically based, and there was both historical, long-term and short-term reasons.
At Richards crowning, Jewing leaders presented him a gift.
People blamed the Jews for the death of Jesus.
Jewish people were allowed to lend money, but it was banned by the bible for christian people, making them jealous. They were sometimes killed for this.

Question 16

What was it like when Richard I was king?

Answer 16

He ruled for ten years, but put money pressure on England.
Gained the nickname Lionheart for his involvement in the third crusade and his mothers involvement in the second crusade.
He only spent 6 months of his reign in England, which he spent raising money: 3 months for the crusade and 3 months for building chateau gaillard.`

Question 17

What happened in Johns rebellion?

Answer 17

When Richard left, he banished John and put William Longchamp in charge.
John replaced Longchamp after his rebellion, but it made him unpopular.
He returned from his banishment in 1191, and had support from Barons who hated William Longchamp.
He raised taxes to pay for Richards ransom, but later announced he was dead, and rules without his authority.
When Rochard returned in 1194, John begged for his forgiveness.

Question 18

What was it like when John was king?

Answer 18

He was known as one of the worst kings as he made problems for England, and raised many taxes.
He was the fifth son, and was supported by Eleanor of Aquitaine (his mother) and William Marshall.
At first he had lots of support from his barons, but he lost their faith.

Question 19

Why did English people go on crusades?

Answer 19

For Religion, Revenge, Rewards and Glory.
Some wanted to go to prove themselves to the pope, who called crusades to defend Holy Places.
Some wanted revenge on Muslim armies after they captured Jerusalem in 1187, and they would get given honours for re capturing it.
The Archbishop and other individuals managed to persuade people to go on crusades.
Men wanted to become famous knights and if they went they wouldn’t have to pay the tax known as ‘Saladin tithe’

Question 20

What happened when the Duke of Austria demanded a ransom for Richard?

Answer 20

Richard spent two years in captivity, and this put pressure on the country.
A new tax was put on landowners.
Gold and silver plates from churches were sold.
25% tax on incomes and moveables.
The Jewish community was fined £3,375

Question 21

What happened with Richard I in Normandy?

Answer 21

After he returned to England after his Ransom, RIchard spent 3 months in England raising money to fight in Normandy, where he rolled back the success of Philip. It was very expensive.
He won back control of Normandy in 1196
To protect his land, Richard built Chateau Gaillard, which cost £12,000 (more than he had spent on all of his other castles)

Question 22

Why did John lose Normandy? (Philip)

Answer 22

At the start of Johns Reign, Philip attacked Normandy, and it forced John to become his vassal.
Philip bribed supporters, for example Prince Arthur, with promises of land in Normandy.
Philip was clever, and he gained territory in short bursts, like Anjou and Maine, which surround Normandy. This put pressure on John as it trapped him and stretched his recourses.

Question 23

Why did John lose Normandy? (His Mistakes)

Answer 23

John stole the fiance of one of his strongest soldiers (Hugh de Lusignan), which caused him to switch to Philips side.
John killed Prince Arthur, which caused him to lose support from his barons.
John did not credit William des Roches, an important military general, in the capture of Prince Arthur, which caused william to leave John.
In the final battle for Chateau Gaillard in 1204, John missed the tide, meaning he could not bring his men to support his general, William Marshall.
He still controlled the capital of Normandy, Rouen, but he gave up too soon.

Question 24

Why did John have a dispute with his barons? (Main reasons)

Answer 24

John did not treat them with respect.
He brought shame to the country.
John put his Barons in situations where their loyalty was split.
John caused many problems for the country, which made the Barons increasingly frustrated.
John failed to meet his expectations as king many times.

Question 25

Why did John have a dispute with his barons? (Normandy)

Answer 25

Johns behaviour was bad, for example the fact that he murdered Prince Arthur. This disgusted the Barons.
John lost Normandy, which brought him lots of shame as it was something England had had since 1066.

Question 26

Why did John have a dispute with his barons? (The Pope)

Answer 26

John fell out with the pope, which mean it split the Barons Loyalty.
They had to choose to stay with John, and keep their land, or be loyal to the pope, and get into heaven.
The interdict of England meant that the barons could not enjoy feasts and celebration days.

Question 27

Why did John have a dispute with his barons? (Taxes)

Answer 27

John increased Wardship fines (which affected Barons) by 300%.
John kept calling scutages, which were supposed to be rare.
He raised £135,000 for the Battle of Bouvines, but it was a total failure.

Question 28

What was the plot of 1212?

Answer 28

The Barons tried to reason with John.
They then began to plot against him (this was the first time they had done this).
Llywelyn ap iorwerth joined with Eustace de Vesci and Robert Fitzwalter over problems with John’s behaviour.
John stopped demanding so much tax for a while, which allowed him to make up with the pope.
However, this was a precursor to a greater rebellion three years later.

Question 29

What was the Barons rebellion of 1215?

Answer 29

The Barons had grown to hate John over time, and the Battle of Bouvines was the final straw for them.
After the failure of the Battle of Bouvines, the barons wanted to sign an old agreement meaning he would stop asking for unfair demands.
John refused to sign but asked for time no negotiate. The negotiations failed.
The Barons threatened war, so John agreed to sign a new charter, the Magna Carta.

Question 30

What were the features of the Magna Carta?

Answer 30

It did not limit the power of the king, but it tried to make him more reasonable.
Habeas Corpus, which meant no more unfair justice and fair trials for people.
Council of 25 Barons which would grant permission for John to pass scutages.

Question 31

What happened in the Outbreak of War with the Barons?

Answer 31

John started well, but his fight faded when Prince Louis invaded.
John came back from Bouvines and was forced to sign the Coronation Charter. He didn’t want to and stalled to negotiate.
The Barons raised an army led by Fitzwalter, which forced John to signed Magna Carta.
John later got Magna Carta declared illegal by the Pope. The Barons went to war and invited Prince Louis of France to be King of England.

Question 32

What happened in the invasion of Prince Louis?

Answer 32

It marked the start of the civil war between supporters and enemies of John.
Prince Louis arrived in early 1216. He started undoing Johns early victories, and John dies in 1216, while Louis was still in the country.