KINGDOM ANIMALIA

Question 1

What are the two types of guts that animals have?

Answer 1

1. Sac Gut: Mouth & Anus = Same hole

2. Tube Gut: Mouth & Anus = Different hole

Question 2

What is an advantage of segmentation?

Answer 2

• Allows greater body mobility & flexibility

Question 3

What is the coelm?

Answer 3

• Body cavity (space) in between the gut & the body wall

Question 4

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 4

• Layer of mesoderm cells

- Line body cavity & gut & cover internal organs

Question 5

What does Acoelomate mean?

Answer 5

No body cavity

Question 6

What does Psuedocoelomate mean?

Answer 6

Body cavity but no peritoneum

Question 7

What is body symmetry?

Answer 7

The body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged

Question 8

What are the 3 types of body symmetry?

Answer 8

1. Asymmetry
2. Bilateral symmetry
3. Radial symmetry

Question 9

Asymmetry:

Answer 9

No pattern (sponges, corals)

Question 10

Radial symmetry:

Answer 10

Shaped like a wheel (jellyfish, starfish)

Question 11

Bilateral symmetry:

Answer 11

Left & ride side (Humans, insects)

Question 12

Invertebrate:

Answer 12

Do not have backbone

Question 13

Vertebrates:

Answer 13

Have backbone or a notochord at some stage of life

Question 14

What perfect of animals are invertebrates?

Answer 14

95%

Question 15

What symmetry do sessile species have?

Answer 15

Radial

Question 16

What does sessile mean?

Answer 16

Fixed in one place

Question 17

What symmetry do mobile species have?

Answer 17

Bilateral

Question 18

What are the different body sides?

Answer 18

Anterior
Posterior
Dorsal
Ventral

Question 19

Anterior:

Answer 19

Toward the head

Question 20

Posterior:

Answer 20

Toward the tail

Question 21

Dorsal:

Answer 21

Backside

Question 22

Ventral:

Answer 22

Bellyside

Question 23

What is Cephalization?

Answer 23

An anterior concentration of sense organs (to have a head)

Question 24

More advanced animals =

Answer 24

More cephalization

Question 25

Animal Development:

Answer 25

- Animals begin life as Zygote (sperm fertilizes egg) - Cells in zygote divide (Mitosis) forming the blastula - Blastula pinches inward (Gastrulation) - Then forms Gastrula

Question 26

What is a Blastula?

Answer 26

A hollow ball of cells

Question 27

What is Gastrulation?

Answer 27

When the blastula pinches inwards

Question 28

Animal Development Sequence:

Answer 28

Zygote-Blastula-Gastrula

Question 29

What are the 3 germ layers formed from the gastrula?

Answer 29

1. Ectoderm (outermost) 2. Endoderm (innermost) 3. Mesoderm (middle)

Question 30

What does the Ectoderm consist of?

Answer 30

- sense organs, nerves & out layer of skin

Question 31

What does the Endoderm do?

Answer 31

- develops into the lining of internal organs & ear canal

Question 32

What is the Mesoderm responsible for?

Answer 32

- muscle, circulatory, reproductive & excretory systems

Question 33

What do lower invertebrates lack?

Answer 33

They have no mesoderm = no internal organ systems

Question 34

Higher animals =

Answer 34

Complex internal organ systems

Question 35

What are the advantages of an exoskeleton?

Answer 35

Muscles, organs & blood vessels are well protected

Question 36

What are the disadvantages of an exoskeleton?

Answer 36

- Heavy - Does not grow w/ the insect - Periodically must be shed, leaving the insect vulnerable

Question 37

What is the tracheal respiration system?

Answer 37

A network of open tubes that reaches throughout the body & is connected directly to the atmosphere by spiracles

Question 38

How do spiders differ from insects?

Answer 38

- Spiders have no antennae & the first pair of head appendages is modified for feeding, cephathorax has 4 pairs of legs - Insects have antennae, thorax has 3 pair of legs

Question 39

Why have more complex organisms such as mollusks had to develop gills to remove oxygen from the water?

Answer 39

The shells of mollusks & the body mass of larger animals makes it so that simple diffusion can't transport a sufficient amount of oxygen to all body cells. Gills & lungs developed to provide animal w/ enough oxygen.

Question 40

3 factors that suggest Cephalopods are the most advanced mollusks

Answer 40

1. Most cephalization of mollusks 2. Highly developed brain w/ ganglia 3. Image forming eyes

Question 41

What are the 3 classes of Mollusks?

Answer 41

1. Gastropods 2. Pelecypods 3. Cephalopods

Question 42

What are characteristics of Phylum Mollusca?

Answer 42

- True coelom | - Radula; used for feeding

Question 43

What are the 3 parts that all mollusks are composed of?

Answer 43

1. Visceral Mass 2. Foot 3. Mantle

Question 44

What is the visceral mass?

Answer 44

Soft portion containing internal organs

Question 45

What is the foot?

Answer 45

Strong muscular portion for mobility

Question 46

What is the mantle?

Answer 46

For shelter & protection

Question 47

Gastropods:

Answer 47

- Univalve - Move by muscular contraption (snails, slugs)

Question 48

Pelecypods:

Answer 48

- Bivalve - 2 shells - Sedentary; foot used for digging (clams, oysters)

Question 49

Cephalopods:

Answer 49

- Foot divided into tentacles/suckers to hold prey | octopi, squids