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Biology > Meiosis & Cell Theory > Flashcards

Meiosis & Cell Theory Flashcards

1
Q

What are nucleosomes composed of?

A

Histone and DNA spooled together

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2
Q

What are the four components of the nucleus?

A
  1. Nuclear envelope
  2. Nucleoplasm
  3. Chromosomes
  4. Chromatin
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3
Q

What is the nucleoplasm?

A

Fluid interior portion of the nucleus

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4
Q

What do cells do before entering nuclear division?

A

Cells duplicate their chromosomes

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5
Q

How are sister chromatids formed?

A

By cells duplicating their chromosomes

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6
Q

What are the 3 points to Cell Theory?

A
  1. Every organism is composed of one or more cells
  2. The cell is the smallest unit having the properties of life
  3. The continuity of life arises directly from the growth & division of single cells
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7
Q

Meiosis:

A

Occurs in single-celled & multi-celled eukaryotes in order to form gametes (egg.sperm) for sexual reproduction

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8
Q

What does Meiosis occur in?

A

Single-celled and multi-celled eukaryotes

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9
Q

What are the stages of Meiosis?

A
  1. Prophase I
  2. Metaphase I
  3. Anaphase I
  4. Telophase I
  5. Prophase II
  6. Metaphase II
  7. Anaphase II
  8. Telophase II
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10
Q

What occurs during Prophase I? (4 points)

A
  • Chromosomes begin to condense
  • Pairs of homologous chromosomes form
  • Crossing over may occur
  • Spindle fibers may start to attach to the centromeres
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11
Q

During what phase might crossing over occur?

A

Prophase I

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12
Q

What occurs during Metaphase I?

A
  • Spindles becomes fully formed

- The homologues line up midway between the poles

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13
Q

What occurs during Anaphase I?

A
  • Homologous pairs are separated & move to opposite poles
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14
Q

What occurs during Telophase I?

A
  • Cytoplasm divides & 2 new haploid cells are formed

* DNA is still duplicated, however

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15
Q

During what phase are 2 new haploid cells formed?

A

Telophase I

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16
Q

During what phase do spindles become fully formed?

A

Metaphase I

17
Q

During what phase do homologues line up midway between poles

A

Metaphase I

18
Q

What occurs during Prophase II?

A
  • Centrioles separate & spindle fibers attach to the centrioles
  • The chromosomes begin to move to the equator of the cell
19
Q

What occurs during Metaphase II?

A
  • Chromosomes line up on the equator
20
Q

What occurs during Anaphase II?

A
  • Sister chromatids are separated & move to opposite poles
21
Q

What occurs during Telophase II?

A
  • 4 daughter nuclei are now formed, each with a haploid chromosome number (n)

Biology (7 decks)

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