KMS Flashcards
1
Q
Most common benign mass in liver?
A
Cavernous Hemangioma (Hyperechoic)
2
Q
Second most common benign mass in liver?
A
Focal nodular hyperplasia
3
Q
Most primary malignancy of liver?
A
HCC
4
Q
Most common malignancy found in the liver?
A
METS
5
Q
Most common liver malignancy found in AIDS patients?
A
Kaposi Sarcoma
6
Q
Most common parasitic infection in humans?
A
Schistosomiasis
Starry sky due to microabscesses
7
Q
Most commonly affects AIDS patients and immunocompromised?
A
Pneumocystis carinii
8
Q
Most commonly seen in outside countries?
A
Amebic Abscess
9
Q
Most common cause of intrahepatic portal hypertension?
A
Cirrhosis
10
Q
Most common glycogen storage disease?
A
Type 1 or Von Gierke
11
Q
Most common hepatitis in the US?
A
Hep C
12
Q
Most common hepatitis in the world?
A
Hep B
13
Q
Most widespread infectious disease in the world?
A
Malaria
14
Q
Sonographic appearance with hepatic candidiasis?
A
Wheel in wheel, bull’s eye
15
Q
Tape worm that comes from sheep herding areas?
A
Echinococcal cyst
Water lily sign
16
Q
Hyperechoic well defined liver masses?
A
Hemangioma, Focal nodular hyperplasia, Focal fatty infiltration, Lipoma, Metastatic lesions
17
Q
Seen on patient after trauma?
A
Hematoma
18
Q
Most common indication for liver implant?
A
Hep C
19
Q
Cavernous transformation looks like?
A
Coly cysts but show color
20
Q
What can lead to cirrhosis?
A
Hep C
21
Q
The PICON test is another name for?
A
ERCP
22
Q
Most common complication of liver transplant?
A
REJECTION
23
Q
Thrombosis of IVC and HEP V?
A
Budd Chiari
24
Q
Most common cause of GB inflammation?
A
Cholelithiasis (gallstone)
25
Gallbladder thickening but NO stones?
Acalculous cholecystitis
26
Cholecystitis with diabetes and high mortality rate?
Emphysmatous Cholecystitis
## Footnote
Pus filled and distended GB with gas
27
GB perforation?
Gangrenous cholecystitis
28
Cholesterol in GB?
Strawberry Gallbladder (cholesterosis)
## Footnote
Echogenic polyps
29
GB completely packed with stones?
WES
30
Tiny spots of cholesterol within sinuses of GB?
Rokitansky Sinuses
31
Calcified Gallbladder?
Porcelain Gallbladder
## Footnote
Bright linear echoes with shadow, increases risk of GB carcinoma
32
Cancer that metastasizes to GB?
Melanoma
33
Multiple cysts in biliary tree?
Caroli’s disease
## Footnote
Associated with PKD
34
At bifurcation of hep duct, intrahepatic ducts ONLY?
Klatskin’s tumor
35
Hyperplastic change in GB wall?
Adenomyomatosis
36
Stone in cystic duct, normal CBD, intrahepatic ductal dilation, CHD compressed?
Mirizzi’s Syndrome
37
Cancer of bile ducts, located in CHD/CBD?
Cholangiosarcoma
38
Congenital focal or diffuse cysts in biliary tree, causes dilation?
Choledochal cysts
39
Acute appendicitis most common in?
Children
40
Acute cholecystitis leads to?
Frank perforation
41
Recurrent inflammation of the colon?
Crohn’s Disease (Granulomatous)
42
Most common bowel disorder in childhood?
Intussusception
## Footnote
Telescoping bowel; jelly stools; cinnamon roll
43
Most common tumor in GI tract in kids <10?
Lymphoma
44
Trichobezoar?
Hair, Rapunzel sign
45
Dehydration, projectile vomiting, palpable mass, Olive/donut sign?
Pyloric stenosis
46
Most common benign renal tumor?
Angiomyolipoma, Adenoma, Oncocytoma
## Footnote
Spokewheel with color, central scar
47
Most common malignancy in kidneys?
RCC in parenchyma
48
Hypoechoic mass in collecting system could be?
TCC (transitional)
49
Most common renal disease to produce acute renal failure?
ATN (transplant patients)
50
Most common solid renal tumor in preschool children?
Wilm’s tumor
## Footnote
Can crawl to IVC and RA
51
Most common renal disorder to produce ARF?
ATN (transplant patients)
52
What causes hydro?
Pregnancy, pelvic mass, obstruction, BPH
53
Most common obstruction of patients with acute flank?
Renal calculi
54
Kidney stone that got antlers because it branched out?
Staghorn Calculi
## Footnote
Large kidney stone filling the collecting system
55
E. coli bacteria could lead to?
Pyonephrosis
56
Stenosis of distal ureter, obstruction?
Ureterocele
## Footnote
Round, cystic at UV junction
57
Genetic disorder with angiomyolipoma?
Tuberous sclerosis
58
Most common palpable mass in newborns?
MCDK (multicystic dysplastic kidney)
## Footnote
NO SINUS NO PARENCHYMA
59
Genetic version of MCDK?
MCKD (medullary cystic kidney disease)
## Footnote
RENAL FAILURE
60
Calcium in renal parenchyma?
Nephrocalcinosis
## Footnote
Kinda like staghorn or air, most common cause medullary sponge
61
Sonographic signs of renal artery stenosis?
Absence of early systolic peak, Kidney size < 9 cm in length, Renal artery to aorta ratio >3.5
62
Common symptom of renal artery stenosis?
HTN
63
Normal RI for renal transplant?
<0.7
64
Kidney rejection signs?
Increase of echoes in cortex, Increase kidney size, Peritransplant fluid collection
65
Most common congenital pancreatic abnormality?
Ectopic pancreas tissue
66
What can cause hyperinsulinemia?
Tumors of Islets of Langerhans
67
Most common cause of pancreatitis?
Gallstones
68
Pseudocysts occur if?
Bile or enzymes leak
69
Most common pancreatic cancer?
Adenocarcinoma
## Footnote
Panc head, Whipple
70
Most common benign pancreatic tumor?
Adenoma
## Footnote
Insulinoma and Gastrinoma
71
Islet cell tumors are found in?
Body and tail
72
Inflammation of fascia causing edema in pancreas?
Phlegmon (necrosis)
## Footnote
Enzyme leakage
73
MENS (Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia) Syndrome includes?
Pituitary adenoma, Parathyroid adenoma, Islet cell tumors, Pheochromocytoma
74
Hyper pancreatic in children?
Cystic Fibrosis
75
Infection can lead to?
Splenomegaly
76
Mono leads to?
Splenomegaly
77
Lymphadenopathy leads to?
Splenomegaly
78
Splenic abscess signs?
Fever, flank pain, LUQ pain
79
Splenic artery can lead to?
Infarction
80
Most common benign tumor of the spleen?
Hemangioma
81
Two primary cancers in spleen?
Hemangiosarcoma, Lymphoma
82
Common mets to spleen?
Melanoma
83
Fat and lipid storage disease in Jews?
Gaucher
84
Infant girls, lipid storage disease?
Niemann Pick
85
Southeast Asia & Mediterranean rupture blood weird hemoglobin?
Thalassemia
86
Build up of copper?
Wilson’s
87
Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Felty’s
88
Starch deposits?
Amyloidosis
89
Small tiny spleen, infarction?
Sickle cell anemia
90
Adrenal medullary tumor increases dopamine?
Pheochromocytoma
91
What is found in Organ of Zuckerland?
Pheochromocytoma
92
Most common tumor of infancy?
Neuroblastoma
93
Most common benign primary adrenal tumor?
Adenoma
## Footnote
Diabetes or HTN, MENS syndrome
94
Atrophy cortex, HTN, bad adrenals?
Addison's
95
High aldosterone, high glucocorticoids, no fluid balance?
Conn’s
96
Infection, hemorrhage into adrenals?
Waterhouse
97
No potassium, lots of glucose, lots of cortisol?
Cushing
98
Most common primary retroperitoneal tumor?
Liposarcoma
99
Most common type of aneurysm?
Fusiform
## Footnote
Gradual dilation of vascular lumen, spindle shaped
100
Aneurysm in brain?
Berry
101
Aneurysm saccular?
Spherical outpouching, mouth connects to AO
102
Bulgy in areas of AO but <3cm?
Ectatic
103
Most common places for hernias to occur?
Umbilical area and the femoral and inguinal rings
104
Hernias that cannot be reduced?
Incarceration
105
What happens when blood supply stops?
Strangulation
106
What maneuver is used for hernias?
Valsalva maneuver
107
CBD measurement?
6mm
108
CHD measurement?
4mm
109
MPD measurement?
2mm
110
GB wall measurement?
3mm
111
PV measurement?
13mm
112
Appendix measurement?
2mm, 6mm (AP)
113
Pylorus measurement?
4mm, 18mm, 15mm (AP)
114
Colon measurement?
4-9mm, 2-4mm BAD
115
Bowel wall measurement?
2-4mm
116
Hypoechoic is linked to
Acute illnesses
117
Hyperechoic is linked to
Chronic illnesses
118
What does HAUL stand for
Hematoma
Abscess
Urinoma
Lymphocele
119
Acute illness will cause an organ to
enlarge
120
Chronic illness will cause an organ to
shrink
121
Most common benign tumor in small intestine
leiomyoma
