Knee

Question 1

MCL

Answer 1

limit valgus stress

Question 2

LCL

Answer 2

limit varus stress

Question 3

IT band assist with ___

Answer 3

assists ACL in resisting ant translation of tibia on femur

Question 4

Medial meniscis- function, attached to __, how mobile?

Answer 4

attached to MCL, ACL, PCL, semimembranosus
less mobile bc attached to more ligaent- so more suseptible to injury
shock absorbtion, increase joint congruence, distribute weigh beariong forces

Question 5

lateral meniscis

Answer 5

more mobile
connections to ACL, PCL, popliteus
shock absorbtion, increase joint congruence, distribute weigh beariong forces

Question 6

how are the meniscus vascularized

Answer 6

outer 1/3 is vascularized and middle is not but 2/3 gets it fro difusion

Question 7

when is the meniscis stressed most consistently

Answer 7

at posterior horm in the stance phase of walking

Question 8

define hoop stress and what reduces ability to resist it

Answer 8

compression stress being absorbed as circumferential tension

tear

Question 9

what way does menisci deform with compression

Answer 9

peripherally

Question 10

most common way to injure mensicis

Answer 10

axial rotation of condles over flexed and weight bearing knww (think plant and twist stresses it)

Question 11

is 1st choice usually to repair meniscis or remove it

Answer 11

repair

Question 12

what are the 3 factors assosiated with non contact injuries of the ACL

Answer 12

Question 13

common MOI (way to tear) ACL

Answer 13

excessive hyperexstention with foot firmply planted or pic

Question 14

ACL

Answer 14

limits posterior displacment of femur on tibia (femur movig back on tibia) or ant displacment of tibia on the femur (tib moving foward on femur)

Question 15

PCL

Answer 15

limits posterior displacment of tibia on femur/ ant displacment of femur on tibia

(femur sliding ant on tib/ tib sliding post on fem)

Question 16

posterior sag sign

Answer 16

PCL

Question 17

MOI (how to hurt) PCL

Answer 17

Question 18

explain anterior drawer test

Answer 18

stress the ACL in the same way that its resisting:

(limits posterior displacment of femur on tibia (femur movig back on tibia) or ant displacment of tibia on the femur (tib moving foward on femur))

Question 19

Explain posterior drawer test

Answer 19

stress the PCL in the same way that its resisting:(femur sliding ant on tib/ tib sliding post on fem)

Question 20

what is the normal range for tibioformal alignment and what position is it

Answer 20

170-175, slight valgus

Question 21

factors leading to valgum

Answer 21

Question 22

what can genu valgum result in in respect to the MCL, patella, and ACL

Answer 22

Question 23

factors leading to genu varum

Answer 23

thinning of articular cartilege on medial side

Question 24

what can varum result in in respect to loading, jiont space, adduction mvmt, and the LCL

Answer 24

Question 25

degree for valgum

Answer 25

165

Question 26

degree for varum

Answer 26

180

Question 27

explain a unloader brace and why use it

Answer 27

Question 28

explain a high tibial osteotomy

Answer 28

Question 29

how can genu recurvatum occur

Answer 29

laxity of post knee overpowering knee exstention torque poor postural control neuromuscular disease

Question 30

how can we correct genu recurvatum

Answer 30

show with higher heel life, it shifts tib foward unloading capsule

Question 31

how to deturmine genu recurvatum

Answer 31

more then 10 degrees of hyperexstention

Question 32

what is a Q angle

Answer 32

ASIS+ midpatella tib tuberosity + mid patella

Question 33

normal range for Q angle, who has bigger and why

Answer 33

13-15, woman bc wider hips

Question 34

Q angle is an estimation of the line of pull of the ____

Answer 34

quads

Question 35

what does an increased Q angle do to knee

Answer 35

increases lateral force on patella

Question 36

opposing factors of the lateral pull of patella

Answer 36

main- raised lateral facet of trochlear groove vastus medialis tight IT band

Question 37

explain patella alta

Answer 37

when the patella sits higher so the lateral blocking isnt as beneficial in flexion

Question 38

what are some things that increase Q angle?

Answer 38

-genu valgum -compensated trendelenberg (think shift line of gravity to side of weakness) -excessive eversion of subtalar joint - excessive ER of knee - Excessive IR of femur while walking

Question 39

explain what happens to patella during excessive knee exsternal rotation and valgus

Answer 39

Question 40

knee flexion arthrokinematics

Answer 40

Question 41

knee exstention arthrokinematics

Answer 41

Question 42

explain the screw home mechanism

Answer 42

-coupled motion -terminal exstention: ER medial rotation then flexion

Question 43

what would restraint to IR prior to flexion cause in the knee

Answer 43

deterioration bc screw home mechanism

Question 44

what is a coupled motion in the frontal plane in the knee

Answer 44

valgus with exst varus with flexion

Question 45

articulation of patella femoral joint

Answer 45

Question 46

what are all the mvmts patella can do

Answer 46

Question 47

explain patellafemoral pain syndrome

Answer 47

Question 48

relationship between patella and quad

Answer 48

spacer and pulley

Question 49

what is the ability of the patella to funciton approprietly dependant on

Answer 49

mobility

Question 50

explain what the patella being a spacer between femur and quad has to do with torque

Answer 50

increases IMA in knee exst which increases exstention torque at knee

Question 51

to cmopressive forces on the knee increase or degrease as squat

Answer 51

increase

Question 52

explain external torque demand on the quad in knee exstention OKC

Answer 52

Question 53

explain external torque demand on the quad in knee exstention CKC

Answer 53

Question 54

longer EMA=____ IMA (muscle) has to ____

Answer 54

more contract

Question 55

explain proper squat form and why

Answer 55