Vertebral column general

Question 1

motion segment

Answer 1

2 adjacent vertebrae
disc
soft tissue

Question 2

Vertebral body function

Answer 2

support body weight

Question 3

vertebral arch function

Answer 3

support spinal cord

Question 4

pedicle function

Answer 4

transmits tension and bending forces

Question 5

laminae function

Answer 5

transmits bending forces

Question 6

pedicle vs lamina

Answer 6

Question 7

spondylolisthesis- what? where?

Answer 7

• stress fracture at pars interarticularis
• cause vertebrae to slip forward
  -usually at L5/S1

Question 8

based on anisotropy, explain the forces going through a vertebrae

Answer 8

anisotropy- properied differ based on the orientation of force applied
more protection at 90 degrees

Question 9

What does size of the IV disc depend on

Answer 9

amount of motion and magnitude of load that is being transmitted

Question 10

what is the cartilege covering the disc surface strongly attached to the annulus fibrosis but not vertebral body called

Answer 10

vertebral end plate

Question 11

nucleus pulposus vs annulus fibrosis

Answer 11

jelly/ rim

Question 12

explain the ratio relationship in IV discs and motion and where is this ratio greatest

Answer 12

disc hight to vertebral body (LARGER disc)= greater movment
cervical, lumbar, THEN thoractic

Question 13

functions of IV disc & what would happen in the absense of it?

Answer 13

• motion (allows vertebrae to rock or tilt on each other)
  -adds signifigant ROM (in the absence of it- translation)
  -motion restraint (annulus fibrosis)
• load transmission
• spine stablilization
• exit spinal nerves space

Question 14

explain disc pressure in these 3 positions
1. holding load foward bending
2. lifting load w knees flexed
3. slouching

Answer 14

1. high disc pressure
2. less pressure
3. high pressure

Question 15

what does each joint deturmine about a movement:
interbody
facet

Answer 15

magnitude
direction

Question 16

interbody joint type
facet joint type

Answer 16

symphysis (cartilaginous)
plane

Question 17

when are facet joints in an open packed and closed packed position

Answer 17

open- midway through flexion and exstention
close- max exstention

Question 18

ant and post longitudinal ligament

Answer 18

Question 19

signifigence of PLL with posterolateral disc herniations

Answer 19

it narrows so does not provide as mich support which contributes to hernoiation

Question 20

where is joint capsule strngth highest

Answer 20

thorscolumbar region and cervicothoracic region (bc naturally weekend somebody gives extra protection)

Question 21

function of joint capsule

Answer 21

limit motion/ add stability

Question 22

what would a joint capsule restrain in the cervical region

Answer 22

Cervical rotation and sidebending

Question 23

What would a joint capsule restrain in the lumbar region

Answer 23

rotation

Question 24

What happens to the joint capsule when the spine goes into hyper flexion

Answer 24

it gaps which puts the capsule on stretch

Question 25

ligamentum flava interspinous ligaments intertransverse ligaments supraspinous ligaments

Answer 25

Question 26

What do coupling patterns vary based on

Answer 26

posture spine curvature facet orientation disc fluidity/ elasticity/ thickness muscle/ joint/ ligament extensibility

Question 27

explain the kinematics of spinal flexion

Answer 27

-ant tilt and glide of superior vertebra - ant compression and posterior stretching of annulus fibrosis

Question 28

what is excessive motion limited secoundary to in spinal flexion

Answer 28

Question 29

explain the kinematics of spinal exstention

Answer 29

post tilt and glide of superior vertebrae - narrowing of intervertebral foramen and ant stretching of annulus fibrosis

Question 30

what is excessive motion limited secoundary to in spinal exstention

Answer 30

Question 31

explain the kinematics of spinal lateral flexion

Answer 31

lateral tilt, rotation, and translation of superior vertera over vertebra below contralateral side- widening of intervertebral foramen, stretching of annulus fibrosis ipsilateral side- narrowing of intervertebral foramen, annulus fibrosis compression,

Question 32

what is excessive motion limited secoundary to in spinal lateral flexion

Answer 32

Question 33

what deos approximation mean

Answer 33

squeeze

Question 34

what does distraction mean

Answer 34

gap

Question 35

do spinal muscles control intra-thoracic and intra abdominal pressure

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

primary flexors of the spine

Answer 36

rectus abdominis extternal oblique internal oblique SCM

Question 37

secoundary flexors of the spine

Answer 37

Question 38

primary exstensors of the spine

Answer 38

splenius cervicis/ capitis erector spinae multifitus rectus capitis posterior major and minor

Question 39

secoundary exstensors of the spine

Answer 39

Question 40

ipsilateral rotation of the spine - primary

Answer 40

slenius cervicis/ capitis internal oblique

Question 41

ipsilateral rotation of the spine - secoundary

Answer 41

Question 42

contralateral rotation primary movers

Answer 42

exsternal oblique SCM

Question 43

contralateral rotation secoundary movers

Answer 43

Question 44

lateral flexion primary movers

Answer 44

illiocostalis internal and exsteral oblique

Question 45

lateral flexion secoundary movers

Answer 45