Knee and Hip

Question 1

Two articulations of the knee

Answer 1

Distal femur with proximal tibia

Distal femur with patella

Question 2

Varus movement

Answer 2

Apex turns towards outside

Question 3

Valgas movement

Answer 3

Apex turns towards inside

Question 4

3 muscles that insert into pes anserinus

Answer 4

Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendonosus

Question 5

5 major knee ligaments

Answer 5

Patellar
Medial collateral
Lateral collateral
Anterior cruciate
Posterior cruciate

Question 6

Patellar ligament

Answer 6

Continuation of quadriceps mechanism

Attached to inferior margins of patella and tibial tuberosity

Question 7

Medial collateral ligament

Answer 7

Runs from medial femoral epicondyle to medial tibia posterior to attachment of pes anserinus

Question 8

Lateral collateral ligament

Answer 8

Runs from lateral femoral epicondyle to fibula head

Question 9

Anterior cruciate ligament

Answer 9

Runs from anterior tibial spine to lateral condyle of femur

Prevents excessive anterior translation of tibia on the femur

Question 10

Posterior cruciate ligament

Answer 10

Runs from posterior tibial spine to medial condyle of femur

Prevents excessive posterior translation of tibia on femur

Question 11

3 knee bursae

Answer 11

Suprapatellar
Prepatellar
Infrapatellar

Question 12

3 arterial branches that superiorly supply the knee

Answer 12

Femoral, lateral femoral circumflex and popliteal vessel branches

Question 13

2 arterial branches that inferiorly supply the knee

Answer 13

Anterior tibial and circumflex peroneal branches

Question 14

The main arterial supply to knee is:

Answer 14

The genicular arteries

Question 15

The ball of the hip joint is:

Answer 15

The femoral head

Question 16

The socket of the hip joint is:

Answer 16

The acetabulum

Question 17

3 pelvic bones that make up the acetabulum

Answer 17

Ilium (superior)
Ischium (posterior)
Pubis (anterior)

Question 18

The 3 bones of the pubis make up 3/4 of a circle. The circle is completed by:

Answer 18

The transverse acetabular ligament

Question 19

The transverse acetabular ligament covers the:

Answer 19

Acetabular notch inferiorly

Question 20

Lunate surface

Answer 20

Thick crescent shaped ring of cartilage that covers the acetabulum

Question 21

4 ligaments of the hip joint

Answer 21

Iliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
Ligamentum teres

Question 22

Iliofemoral ligament

Answer 22

Y-shaped ligament that provides superior anterior reinforcement. It attaches from the AIIS and acetabular rim to intertrochanteric line.

Question 23

Biggest ligament in the body

Answer 23

Iliofemoral ligament

Prevents hyperextension of the hip joint

Question 24

Pubofemoral ligament

Answer 24

Provides inferior anterior reinforcement
Runs from pubis to joint capsule
Prevents overabduction

Question 25

Ischiofemoral ligament

Answer 25

Provides posterior reinforcement Runs from ischial part of acetabular rim to base of greater trochanter Prevents hyperextension

Question 26

Ligamentum teres

Answer 26

Runs from acetabular notch to fovea | Contains an artery important in blood supply to femoral head before birth

Question 27

Fovea

Answer 27

Small concave depression in the femoral head that allows ligamentum teres attachment

Question 28

3 muscles that flex the hip

Answer 28

Rectus femoris Sartorius Iliopsoas

Question 29

Innervation and myotome of hip flexion muscles

Answer 29

Femoral nerve | L2

Question 30

4 muscles that extend the hip

Answer 30

Biceps femoris Semitendonosus Semimembranosus Gluteus maximus

Question 31

Innervation and myotome of hip extension muscles

Answer 31

Sciatic nerve | L2

Question 32

5 muscles that adduct the hip

Answer 32

``` Adductor magnus Adductor brevis Adductor longus Gracilis Peroneus ```

Question 33

Innervation and myotomes of hip adduction muscles

Answer 33

Obturator nerve | L2, L3 and L4

Question 34

3 muscles that abduct the hip

Answer 34

Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Tensor fascia lata

Question 35

Innervation and myotome of hip abduction muscles

Answer 35

Superior gluteal nerve | L5

Question 36

Anterior innervation of hip

Answer 36

Femoral nerve

Question 37

Inferior innervation of hip

Answer 37

Obturator nerve

Question 38

Posterior innervation of hip

Answer 38

Superior gluteal nerve and nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 39

Arterial tree from aorta to profunda femoris

Answer 39

``` Aorta Common iliac External iliac Femoral Profunda femoris ```

Question 40

Arterial tree from aorta to superior gluteal artery

Answer 40

Aorta Common iliac Interior iliac Superior gluteal

Question 41

Arteries supplying the hip joint

Answer 41

Medial and lateral circumflex arteries

Question 42

The medial and lateral circumflex arteries are branches off the:

Answer 42

Profunda femoris artery

Question 43

The medial circumflex artery runs:

Answer 43

Posteriorly around the neck of the femur

Question 44

The lateral circumflex artery runs:

Answer 44

Anteriorly around the neck of the femur

Question 45

Retinacular arteries

Answer 45

Branches off the circumflex arteries which run in retinacular folds of the synovial membrane