Pectoral girdle and Axilla Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
Anterior muscles in the axial skeleton to the pectoral girdle
A
Subclavius
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
2
Q
Posterior muscles in the axial skeleton to the pectoral girdle
A
Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major
3
Q
Anterior muscles in the axial skeleton to the humerus
A
Pectoralis minor
4
Q
Posterior muscles in the axial skeleton the the humerus
A
Latisimus dorsi
5
Q
Levator scapulae origin
A
Transverse processes of atlas and axis
Posterior tubercles of C4 + 5
6
Q
Levator scapulae insertion
A
Superior angle and medial border of scapula
7
Q
Levator scapulae innervation
A
Dorsal scapular nerve
8
Q
Levator scapulae functions
A
Elevates scapula
Helps inferiorly rotate scapula
9
Q
Rhomboid minor origin
A
Spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae
10
Q
Rhomboid major origin
A
Spinous processes of T2 - 5
11
Q
Rhomboids insertion
A
Medial border of scapula
12
Q
Rhomboids innervation
A
Dorsal scapular nerve
13
Q
Rhomboids functions
A
Retract scapula
Help inferiorly rotate scapula
14
Q
Latissimus dorsi origin
A
Spinous processes of T7 to L5
15
Q
Latissimus dorsi insertion
A
Floor of intertubercular groove on the anterior humerus
16
Q
Latissimus dorsi innervation
A
Thoracodorsal nerve
17
Q
Latissimus dorsi functions
A
Adducts humerus
Internally rotates humerus
Depress scapula
Help inferiorly rotate scapula
18
Q
Pectoralis major origin
A
Sternocostal head
19
Q
Pectoralis major insertion
A
Lateral lip of intertubercular groove
20
Q
Pectoralis major innervation
A
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves
21
Q
Pectoralis major functions
A
Adducts humerus Internally rotates humerus Helps protract scapula Depresses scapula Inferiorly rotates scapula
22
Q
Pectoralis minor origin
A
Ribs 3 - 5
23
Q
Pectoralis minor insertion
A
Coracoid process
24
Q
Pectoralis minor innervation
A
Medial pectoral nerve
25
Pectoralis minor functions
Depresses scapula
| Helps protract scapula
26
Subclavius origin
Costal cartilage of 1st rib
27
Subclavius insertion
Clavicle
28
Subclavius innervation
C5
29
Subclavius functions
Braces clavicle
| Weak depressor of scapula
30
Serratus anterior origin
Ribs 1 - 8/9
31
Serratus anterior insertion
Medial border of scapula
32
Serratus anterior innervation
Long thoracic nerve
33
Serratus anterior functions
Protracts scapula
Helps superiorly rotate scapula
Depresses scapula
34
Movements of scapula
Retraction + protraction
Elevation + depression
Superior + inferior rotation
35
3 angles of the scapula
Superior
Inferior
Glenoid fossa
36
3 borders of the scapula
Superior border
Medial border
Lateral border
37
3 protuberances of the scapula
Acromion
Coracoid process
Spine
38
3 surfaces of the scapula
Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa
Subscapula fossa
39
Scapula location
Covers postero-lateral surface of ribs 2 - 7
40
Clavicle strut location
Between manubrium and acromial process of scapula
41
Sternoclavicular joint
Saddle shaped joint
Between medial end of clavicle and sternum
Two cavities divided by fibrocartilagenous disc
42
Four ligaments of SC joint
Anterior sternoclavicular
Posterior sternoclavicular
Interclavicular
Costoclavicular
43
Costoclavicular joint importance
Fulcrum for clavicular movements
| Chief stabiliser of SC joint
44
Acromioclavicular joint
Synovial
Between lateral end of clavicle and medial border of acromion
Wedge shaped fibrocartilagenous disc inside
Loose AC joint capsule, strengthened by strong coracoclavicular ligament
45
2 compartments of coracoclavicular ligament
Conoid + trapezoid
46
Trapezius origin
Head to bottom of thorax
47
Trapezius insertion
Anatomical horseshoe
48
Trapezius innervation
Accessory nerve CN XI
49
Trapezius functions
Retracts scapula
50
Superior trapezius function
Elevates scapula
| Superior rotation of scapula
51
Inferior trapezius function
Depresses scapula
| Superior rotation of scapula
52
Middle trapezius function
Retracts scapula
53
Axilla
Space between upper arm and side of upper chest
| Truncated pyramid
54
Axilla apex borders
Medial: lateral border of first rib
Anterior: clavicle
Posterior: superior border of scapula
55
Axilla base borders
Medial: serratus anterior
Lateral: medial aspect of humerus
Posterior: Latissimus dorsi
Anterior: pectoralis major
56
Posterior axillary fold
Base (armpit) posterior border formed by latissimus dorsi
57
Posterior wall of axilla
Subscapularis
58
Anterior wall of axilla
Pectorals
59
Contents of axilla (6 main parts)
```
Brachial plexus (cords and branches)
Axillary artery
Axillary vein
Lymph nodes
Lymphatics
Fat
```
60
5 groups of lymph nodes and their drainage
Brachial (arm)
Pectoral (breast)
Subscapular (upper part of trunk posteriorly)
Central (receive from other groups)
Apical (receive from other groups and drain into thoracic duct)
61
Brachial plexus formation
From ventral rami of spinal nerves arising from C5 to T1
62
Sections of brachial plexus
```
Roots
Trunks
Divisions
Cords
Branches
```
63
The trunks form:
Anterior and posterior divisions
64
Anterior division supplies:
Flexor compartment of limb
65
Posterior division supplies:
Extensor compartment of limb
66
The roots emerge from:
Between scalenus anterior and scalenus medius
67
The trunks lie in:
The lower part of the posterior triangle of the neck
68
The roots and trunks form:
The supraclavicular part of the plexus
69
The divisions lie behind:
The clavicle
70
The cords are formed:
At the outer border of the first rib
71
3 parts that enter the axilla apex together
Cords
Axillary artery
Axillary vein
72
The cords and their branches form:
The infraclavicular part of the plexus
73
The 3 cords
Medial
Lateral
Posterior
74
The cords are so named because:
Of their spatial relationship with the axillary artery
75
The 5 terminal branches
```
Musculocutaneous
Axillary
Radial
Medial
Ulnar
```
76
The medial cord gives rise to:
The median nerve with ulnar and medial heads
77
The lateral cord gives rise to:
The median nerve with musculocutaneous and lateral heads
78
The posterior cord gives rise to:
Axillary and radial nerves
79
Prefixed brachial plexus
C4 nerve contributes to the roots
Dorsal branch of T1 nerve is small
No ascending branch from T2 nerve
80
Postfixed brachial plexus
Branch from C4 nerve is absent
Dorsal branch of T1 nerve is large
T2 nerve supplies branch to plexus
81
The 3 nerves coming from the root of C5
Long thoracic nerve
Phrenic nerve
Dorsal scapular nerve
82
Nerve arising from superior trunk
Subclavian nerve
83
Nerve arising from most caudal division
Suprascapular nerve
84
3 nerves from posterior cord
Upper subscapular nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve
Lower subscapular nerve
85
Nerve arising from lateral cord
Lateral pectoral nerve
86
3 nerves arising from medial cord
Medial pectoral nerve (joined to lateral pectoral nerve)
Medial cutaneous nerve of arm
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
87
The brachial artery arises from the:
Axillary artery
88
The axillary artery arises from the:
Subclavian artery
89
Border where subclavian artery becomes axillary artery
First rib
90
Border where axillary artery becomes brachial artery
Teres major
91
1st division of axillary artery borders
First rib to superior border of pectoralis minor
92
2nd division of axillary artery borders
Superior border of pectoralis minor to inferior border of pectoralis minor
93
3rd division of axillary artery borders
Inferior border of pectoralis minor to teres major
94
Trunk arising from subclavian artery
Thyrocervical
95
Arteries arising from thyrocervical trunk
Dorsal scapular artery
| Suprascapular artery
96
Artery arising from 1st division of axillary artery
Superior thoracic artery
| Supplies medial wall of upper thorax
97
Arteries arising from 2nd division of axillary artery
Thoracoacromial artery - supplies anterior wall of thorax to acromion
Lateral thoracic artery - supplies medial wall of lower thorax`
98
3 branches from thoracoacromial artery
Deltoid
Acromial
Pectoral
99
Arteries arising from 3rd division of axillary artery
Subscapular artery - supplies posterior wall of thorax
| Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries - both supply lateral wall of thorax
100
2 key arteries arising from subscapular artery
Circumflex scapular artery
| Thoracodorsal artery - supplies dorsal side of thorax
101
3 key arteries that connect to the posterior scapula
Suprascapular artery
Dorsal scapular artery
Circumflex scapular artery
102
3 key anterior muscles innervated by musculocutaneous nerve
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
103
Median nerve arises from:
Lateral and medial cords of brachial plexus
104
Muscles of forearm innervated by median nerve
```
Most anterior muscles (lateral side) including:
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus (radial side)
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus
Thenar muscles
1st and 2nd lumbricals
```
105
Muscles of forearm innervated by ulnar nerve
```
Anterior muscles not innervated by median nerve (medial side) including:
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar side)
Hypothenar muscles
Deep head of flexor pollicis brevis
Palmaris brevis
All dorsal and palmar interossei
3rd and 4th lumbricals
Adductor pollicis
```
106
Key muscles innervated by axillary nerve
Teres minor
| Deltoid
107
Muscles innervated by radial nerve
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All arm and forearm posterior muscles including:
Triceps brachii
Anconeus
Brachioradialis
All extensors
Abductor pollicis longus
Supinator
```
