Knee Joint

Question 1

Which tendon passes over the knee joint?

Answer 1

Quadriceps tendon

Question 2

What does the quadriceps tendon become?

Answer 2

Patellar Ligament

Question 3

How many articulations occur at the knee joint?

Answer 3

3

Question 4

Name the articulations at the knee joint

Answer 4

Femoropatellar (x1)

Femorotibial (x2)

Question 5

What part of the Femur articulates with the Tibia

Answer 5

2 rounded condyles

Question 6

What is the space between the two condyles of the Femur called?

Answer 6

The intercondyler fossa/ notch

Question 7

Where does the Patella articulate with the femur

Answer 7

The Patellar surface

Question 8

What structure covers the inner surface of the fat pads either side of the patellar ligament

Answer 8

The medial and lateral Alar folds

Question 9

What do the Alar folds converge to make?

Answer 9

a single band called the Infrapatellar synovial fold (drapes over cruciate ligaments)

Question 10

What is the function of the bursae within the knee joints?

Answer 10

allow structures to run close to bone and still move freely without friction

Question 11

Where are the bursae in communication with the knee?

Answer 11

The synovial cavity

Question 12

Name the bursae of the knee joint

Answer 12

1. Suprapatellar bursa
2. Popliteus bursa
3. Gastrocnemius bursa
4. Semimembranosus bursa
   Less important 2:
5. subcutaneous prepatellar
6. subcutaneous infrapatellar

Question 13

what are the two types of ligaments within the knee joint?

Answer 13

Extracapsular and intracapsular

Question 14

Name the extracapsular ligaments

Answer 14

Oblique popliteal; Arcuate popliteal; Lateral Collateral; Medial Collateral

Question 15

Name the intracapsular ligaments

Answer 15

Anterior and Posterior Cruciate ligaments

Question 16

What is the oblique popliteal an expansion of?

Answer 16

Semimembranosus tendon

Question 17

What is the function of the oblique popliteal ligament?

Answer 17

Reinforces the posterior capsule

Question 18

What is the acruate ligament a thickening of?

Answer 18

The capsule over the popliteus muscle

Question 19

What is the function of the acruate ligament

Answer 19

Strengthens the posterolateral joint capsule

Question 20

Where does the medial collateral ligament extend from and to?

Answer 20

the medial epicondyle of the femur to medial condyle and superior medial surface of the tibia

Question 21

Where does the lateral collateral ligament extend from and to?

Answer 21

the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral head of the fibula

Question 22

What is the function of the collateral ligaments?

Answer 22

they prevent the side to side displacement of the knee

Question 23

What happens to the cruciate ligaments during medial rotation of the tibia?

Answer 23

they wind around each other; Limited to 10 degrees

Question 24

What does the posterior cruciate ligament prevent?

Answer 24

The femur from sliding anteriorly on the tibia, particularly when the knee is flexed

Question 25

What does the anterior cruciate ligament prevent?

Answer 25

femur from sliding posteriorly on the tibia; preventing hyper extension

Question 26

Where does the anterior cruciate ligament extend from and to?

Answer 26

from anterior intercondylar area of tibia to the medial side of lateral condyle of the femur

Question 27

Name the two ACL bands and what they limit

Answer 27

Anteromedial band limits flexion; posterolateral band limits extension

Question 28

Where does the posterior cruciate ligament extend from and to?

Answer 28

Posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the lateral side of the medial condyle of the femur

Question 29

Name the two PCL bands and what they limit

Answer 29

Anterolateral band limits flexion; Posteromedial band limits extension

Question 30

Why is the PCL band important when the knee is flexed?

Answer 30

it holds all of the body weight; transfers weight from the femur to the tibia

Question 31

What are menisci and what do they do?

Answer 31

They are wedges of fibrocartilage and they act as shock absorbers

Question 32

What is the medial meniscus attached to?

Answer 32

firmly attached to the tibial collateral ligament

Question 33

Is the lateral meniscus freely moveable?

Answer 33

Yes

Question 34

What shape is the medial meniscus?

Answer 34

C-shaped

Question 35

What shape is the lateral meniscus?

Answer 35

Circular

Question 36

Describe branches that make up the Periarticular Genicular Anastomosis (blood supply of knee)

Answer 36

- 5 Genicular branches from Popliteal artery - Descending genicular branch from Femoral artery - Descending branch from lateral circumflex of Femoral artery - Recurrent branches from anterior & Posterior Tibial arteries.

Question 37

Give the name of the anastomosis that forms around the knee

Answer 37

Periarticular Genicular Anastomosis