Pelvic Contents

Question 1

Name the two pouches in the peritoneum in Females

Answer 1

Rectouterine (between rectum and uterus) and Vesicouterine (between bladder and uterus)

Question 2

Name the single pouch in the peritoneum in Males

Answer 2

Vesicorectal pouch (between the bladder and rectum)

Question 3

Is the bladder retroperitoneal or infraperitoneal?

Answer 3

infraperitoneal

Question 4

What is the name given to the fibrous tissue coming off the apex of the bladder

Answer 4

the urachus

Question 5

What is the bladder composed of?

Answer 5

Rugae and Transitional epithelium

Question 6

What does the Transitional Epithelium act as?

Answer 6

a waterproof lining; protects bladder tissue from toxic waste in urine

Question 7

Where is the apex of the bladder?

Answer 7

Posterior to the pubic symphysis (urachus)

Question 8

What is the trigone of the bladder?

Answer 8

A triangular area of smooth mucous membrane at base of the bladder

Question 9

What is found at the 3 corners of the trigone?

Answer 9

Upper two corners are where the ureters enter, the bottom corner is where the urethra exits

Question 10

What is the muscular coat of smooth muscle surrounding the bladder called?

Answer 10

the Detrusor muscle

Question 11

What band of skeletal muscle allows the control of the passing of urine?

Answer 11

Sphincter Vesicae (internal sphincter)

Question 12

Is the sphincter vesicae complete?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

What ligament holds the neck of the neck of the bladder in place?

Answer 13

Males = Puboprostatic
Females = Pubovesical

Question 14

Where is the sphincter urethrae found?

Answer 14

in urogenital diaphragm

Question 15

Is sphincter urethrae voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 15

Voluntary smooth muscle

Question 16

Which muscle supports the pelvic floor and neck of the bladder?

Answer 16

Levator ani

Question 17

Describe the vasculature of the bladder in Males

Answer 17

Two superior vesical arteries and two inferior vesicle arteries

Question 18

Describe the vasculature of the the bladder in Females

Answer 18

Two superior vesical arteries and two vaginal arteries

Question 19

What main artery does blood from the bladder originate from?

Answer 19

The internal iliac arteries

Question 20

What is the name given to the venous plexus formed to drain vessels around the bladder?

Answer 20

Vesical venous plexus (which drains to the internal iliac)

Question 21

Where does the bladder receive innervation from?

Answer 21

ANS inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 22

Where does most of the Lymph from the bladder region drain to?

Answer 22

Internal iliac nodes

Question 23

Where does Lymph from the top of the bladder drain to?

Answer 23

External iliac nodes

Question 24

Where can lymph from close to the pelvic floor (urethra) drain to in females?

Answer 24

sacral nodes

Question 25

Where does lymph from around the spongey urethra drain to?

Answer 25

deep inguinal nodes

Question 26

Where does lymph from ureter drain to?

Answer 26

Lumbar, common iliac, external iliac and internal iliac as they descend towards bladder

Question 27

Where does the rectum run from and to?

Answer 27

3rd Sacral vertebrae, to the tip of the coccyx

Question 28

Describe the peritoneum of the rectum

Answer 28

upper 1/3 = visceral peritoneum middle 1/3 = peritoneum on anterior surface lower 1/3 = infraperitoneal structure

Question 29

What does the rectum turn into after it hits the pelvic floor?

Answer 29

The anal canal

Question 30

What feature does the rectum contain for storage?

Answer 30

3 transverse folds

Question 31

Which other storage feature sits below these transverse folds?

Answer 31

the Rectal ampulla

Question 32

What does the Levator Ani create around the rectum?

Answer 32

Puborectalis (sling like structure) - helps with faecal continence.

Question 33

Are the sphincters of the rectum voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 33

``` Internal = involuntary External = voluntary ```

Question 34

What are the 3 main arterial supplies of the rectum (and where do they originate)?

Answer 34

1. Superior rectal artery (inferior mesenteric) 2. Middle rectal artery (internal iliac) 3. Lower rectal artery (internal pudendal)

Question 35

What are the 3 main veins that drain the rectum (and where do they drain to)?

Answer 35

1. Superior rectal vein (Portal vein then Portal) 2. Middle rectal vein (Internal iliac then IVC) 3. Inferior rectal vein (internal pudendal then IVC)

Question 36

Which nodes does lymph from rectum drain to?

Answer 36

Para-rectal nodes to inferior mesenteric and internal iliac nodes

Question 37

Where does the rectum receive innervation from?

Answer 37

Inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 38

Name the 3 sections of the broad ligament

Answer 38

1. Mesometruim 2. Mesovarium (ovaries) 3. Mesosalpinx (uterine tubes)

Question 39

Name the 3 areas of the uterus

Answer 39

Fundus (top), Body, Cervix

Question 40

Where does the cervix open into?

Answer 40

The vaginal canal

Question 41

Name the ends of the uterine tubes that open into ovaries

Answer 41

Fimbrae (jagged like projections)

Question 42

Where does the ovarian artery originate and what does it supply?

Answer 42

Direct branch from abdominal aorta; supplies the uterine tubes, ovaries and the fundus of uterus

Question 43

Where does the uterine artery originate and what does it supply?

Answer 43

Internal iliac artery; supplies the bod and cervix of the uterus