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Extra Stuff CCI Review > Know It Pt.6 > Flashcards

Know It Pt.6 Flashcards

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1
Q

MVP is ____ movement of one or both MV leaflets into the ____

A

Systolic ; LA

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2
Q

MVP is sometimes linked to ____ ____ disorders such as ________ and may be progressive

A

Connective tissue; Marfans syndrome

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3
Q

MVP is more common in young ___

A

Women (5-10%)

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4
Q

The congenital connective tissue disease that causes aortic dilation and Mitral valve prolapse is called?

A

Marfans syndrome

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5
Q

In Marfans syndrome why does aortic dissections and MVP occur?

A) increased systolic BP
B) aortic arteritis
C) lack of fibrilin
D) lack of collagen

A

C

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6
Q

MVP can also be caused by ______ ______

A

Myxomatous Degeneration

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7
Q

___% of people that have MVP will have ____

A

23% ; Tricuspid valve prolapse

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8
Q

What 5 diseases is MVP associated with?

A

Marfans syndrome
Secundum ASD
WPW
Lupus
Ehelers-Danlos

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9
Q

What is WPW?

A

Wolf Parkinson white syndrome is a congenital heart disorder. It’s a syndrome where people have extra pathways for electrical signals to travel between the heart.

This causes a fast heart beat of over 100

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10
Q

What is Lupus ?

A

Lupus is a autoimmune disorder that causes chronic inflammation by attacking your bodies own tissues and organs and body systems

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11
Q

What is Ehlers-Danlos?

A

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a group of inherited disorders that affect your connective tissues — primarily your skin, joints and blood vessel walls.

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12
Q

What is vascular Ehlers-Danlos ?

A

A syndrome that can cause the walls of your blood vessels, intestines or uterus to rupture.

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13
Q

What does Gracile Habitus means?

A

Thin for their tall height

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14
Q

What are some symptoms /signs of people that have Marfans syndrome?

A

-Garcia’s habitus (thin for their height)
- joint hyper flexibility
- optic lens dislocation
-high arched palate

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15
Q

With pt. That have Eheler Danlos what things should look for on the echo?

A

MVP
Ao dissection
So dilation

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16
Q

Severe Aortjc aneurysms are greater than?

A) 4.0cm
B) 4.5cm
C)5.0cm
D)7.0cm

A

C

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17
Q

What are the 2 standards for classifying dissections?

A

DeBakey scale
Stanford scale

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18
Q

The Stanford scale for aortic dissections has what classifications? Describe then

A

TYPE A - involves proximal aorta to left subclavian

TYPE B - involves aorta distal to left Subclavian (descending)

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19
Q

The DeBakey scale for aortic dissections has what classifications? Describe then

A

Type 1- Involves ascending & descending dissections

Type 2- Only involves ascending dissection

Type 3- Only involves descending dissection

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20
Q

A good way to remember the Stanford dissecfion scale va. The DeBakey is that the Stanford scale has ___ & ____ like the grades you want to get at the school!

A

A’s & B’s

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21
Q

What’s type 2 of the DeBakey scale?

A

Only ascending dissections

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22
Q

What’s type 3 of the DeBakey scale?

A

Only the descending dissection

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23
Q

What’s type B of the Stanford scale?

A

Distal to the left subclavian dissections

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24
Q

___% of people have Type 1 of the Bebakey scale.

A

60% ; type 1 of DeBakey scale is both ascending & descending

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25
___% of people have Type 3 of the Bebakey scale
30%; Type 3 of the debakey scale is descending dissection only
26
MVP may cause ___ first which can then cause ______
MR; LAE
27
Patients with MVP are usually ____
Asymptomatic
28
What’s the murmur associated with MVP?
Mid systolic murmur / with or without click
29
People with MVP usually have a physical sign of _____ abnormalities
Skeletal
30
M-mode of MVP will show? A) thickened leaflets with mid-late holodiastolic posterior movement. Displacement 2-3mm from C-D points B) thickened leaflets with mid-late Holosystolic anterior movement. Displacement 2-3mm from C-D points C) thickened leaflets with mid-late Holosystolic posterior movement. Displacement 2-3mm from C-D points D) thickened leaflets with mid-late holodiastolic posterior movement. Displacement 2-3mm from D-E points
C
31
What two times/views should you never diagnose mitral valve prolapse?
- AP4 -In the presence of a large pericardial effusion
32
The ___ maneuver or _______ drug may provoke MVP
Valsalva ; amyl nitrate
33
Which of the following would increase or provoke mitral valve prolapse? A) beta blocker B) valsalva C) calcium channel blocker D)Atropine
B
34
The regurgitation jet direction with MVP will go in what direction if it’s the posterior leaflet prolapsing?
If the PMVL is prolapsed the regur jet will go anteriorly.
35
The regurgitation jet direction with MVP will go in what direction if it’s the anterior leaflet prolapsing
If the AMVL is prolapsing the regurgitation jet will go posteriorly
36
If a patient has a large pericardial effusion you may falsely notice a ?
Pseudo MVP
37
What is endocarditis?
Microorganisms that enter the bloodstream that attack and grow on valve tissue
38
What is endocarditis?
Microorganisms that enter the bloodstream that attack and grow on valve tissue
39
What are some ways that microorganisms can enter the bloodstream and cause endocarditis?
-dental work -surgery -IV drug use
40
What is Libman sachs also called?
Systemic lupus erythematosus
41
What is systemic lupus erythematosus also called?
Libmans sachs
42
What is Libman sacks Endocarditis ?
A form of non-bacterial endocarditis that is seen in association with systemic lupus erythematosus
43
What is a form of non-bacterial endocarditis that is seen in association with systemic lupus erythematosus?
Libmans sachs
44
What is Marantic ?
Non-bacterial endocarditis
45
Marantic endocarditis is also called?
NBTE- non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis
46
What does NBTE stand for?
non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis
47
NBTE or Marantic endocarditis is often seen in which patients?
Metastatic disease patients
48
What are the two most common bacteria that caused endocarditis?
- strep -staph
49
_____ jets increase risk for endocarditis
High velocity
50
What increases your risk for endocarditis? A) low velocity jets B) exercise C) high velocity jets D) all of the above
C
51
Microorganisms seed on abnormal or normal_____
Endocardial surfaces
52
What are three examples of endocardial surfaces that microorganisms like to seed on?
- abnormal valves -Prosthetic valves -Rough surfaces caused by regurgitation jets
53
Microorganisms attached to the ____ side of the valve
Flow
54
Which side of the valve does endocarditis usually form on?
Flow side (upstream)
55
Endocarditis lesions like to attach to the ___ side of valves which is usually the ____ pressure side
Flow; lower
56
IV drug users are at ___% risk for ____ vegetarians
75%; tricuspid valve
57
What are some symptoms of endocarditis?
- fever -murmurs -tachycardia - anemia
58
In order to see 2-D vegetations on excel they must be what size? A)2mm B)5mm C1mm D)3mm
D
59
Vegetations nay embolism especially if they’re ___, ___ and ___mm or greater
Mobile, predunculated; 5mm
60
What size of vegetations does it make it more likely for it to become an embolus? A) 2mm B)3mm C)5mm D)1mm
C
61
True or false- we can tell between old and new vegetations on echo
False! We can’t tell
62
On echo vegetations appear as an area of? A)decreased echoes B) increased echoes
B
63
Oscillations of vegetations may be seen on m-mode usually when the valve is ___
Closed
64
With endocarditis leaflet disruption or ___ may occur
Flail leaflet
65
Vegetations on echo may have ? A) shaggy appearance B) dumbbell appearance C) low echo appearance D)none of the above
A
66
With endocarditis ____mitral closure may occur
Premature
67
What kind of valves are at increased risk for endocarditis?
Prosthetic valves
68
Blood cultures for endocarditis are usually ___% positive
90
69
Valves with endocarditis usually have____ lesions
Regurgitant lesions
70
If there’s a ring abscess around a valve it may have a ___ flowPattern
Continuous

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