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Know It Pt7! Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Mechanical valves are ____ but need ____

A

Durable ; blood thinners

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2
Q

Why do mechanical valves need blood thinners?

A

Because many mechanical valves are made of carbon and titanium & this can cause blood to stick on the valve creating a clot

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of mechanical valves?

A
  • caged ball
    -bi leaflet
    -caged disc
    -tilting disk leaflet
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4
Q

What is the most famous caged ball valve?

A

Starr-Edward’s

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5
Q

Starr-Edward’s valve is what kind of valve?

A

Caged ball

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6
Q

What are 2 famous tiling disc valves?

A

Brork shiley
Metronic hall

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7
Q

Tilting disk valves have how many orifices?

A

2

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8
Q

Bileaflet filing disk have how many orifices?

A

3

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9
Q

What are the 2 valves of bi leaflet tiling disk ?

A

-st.Jude
-Carbomedics

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10
Q

St.jude is a?

A) caged ball
B)tilting disk
C) caged disk
D) bi leaflet tilting disk

A

D

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11
Q

Bio prosthetic valves do not require _____ but are not as ____

A

Blood thinners; durable

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12
Q

What are the 3 types of bio prosthetic valves?

A

Homografts/allografts

Heterografts/Xenografts

Autografts

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13
Q

Homograft is also known as?

A

Allograft

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14
Q

Allograft is also known as?

A

Homograft

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15
Q

A homograft (allograft) is graft that comes from the ____

A

Same species

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16
Q

How are Homografts( allografts) preserved?

A

Crying-preserved

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17
Q

Homografts (allografts) can be ____ or _____

A

Stented or unstented

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18
Q

Homografts (allografts) have what kind of covering cover them ?

A

Dura matter covering

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19
Q

Heterografts are also known as?

A

Xenografts

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20
Q

Xenografts are also known as?

A

Heterografts

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21
Q

Heterografts (xenografts) are what kind of valves?

A

Bio prosthetic valves made from a different species (cow or pig)

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22
Q

What are 2 famous heterograft (xenograft) valves

A

Hancock
Carpentier Edward’s

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23
Q

Hancock valve is what kind of valve?

A

Heterograft (xenograft)

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24
Q

Carpentier Edward’s is what kind of valve?

A

Heterograft (xenograft)

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25
What is a autograft?
A valve made from YOUR OWN TISSUE
26
What kind of covering is in the autograft valves?
Fascia Lata (thigh muscle covering)
27
What valve is a valve made from the same species? A)autograft B)Xenograft C)homograft/allograft D)Heterograft
C
28
Which valve is cryo preserved? A)autografts B)mechanical valves C)heterografts/xenograft D)homografts/allograft
D
29
Which valve is a valve from a different species? A) homograft/allograft B)heterograft/xenograft C) autograft D)mechanical valves
B
30
Which valve is a valve that is made from your own tissue? A)autograft B)homograft/allograft C)heterograft/xenograft D)caged ball
A
31
Which valve has a facisa lata thigh muscle covering ? A)caged ball B)homograft/allograft C)autograft D) bi leaflet tilliting disk
C
32
Which valves can be stented or unstened? A)tilting disk B)autograft C)Xenograft/heterograftc D)homograft/allograft
D
33
Hancock valve is what kind of valve? A)caged ball B)heterograft/xenograft C)homograft/allograftc D) tilting disk
B
34
Carpenter Edward’s is what kind of valve? A)caged ball B)heterograft/xenograft C)homograft/allograftc D) tilting disk
B
35
Native valves are often replaced for what 3 reasons?
-stenosis -regur -infection
36
What is the most commonly repaired valve?
Mitral valve
37
Valve repairs are becoming more common with what Prosethetic valve?
Carpinter
38
Duran rings of annuloplasties are types of?
Valve repair methods
39
What are 2 valve repair methods?
Duran ring Annuloplasties
40
What is the Ross procedure for?
For treating congenital Aortic stenosis
41
Describe the Ross procedure
It involves 1. Moving the PV into the AV place = autograft 2. Then putting a homograft in the PV= homograft/allograft
42
What kind of prosthetic valves produce artifacts and shadowing?
Mechanical
43
A pt. Having the Ross procedure is what kind of valve procedure? A) homograft B)autograft C)Mechanical valve placement D)Heterograft/xenograft
B) autograft
44
A Ross procedure also requires the ___ and ____. ____ arteries to be moved
R & L ; Coronary arteries
45
What are some complication of prosthetic valves?
Thrombus Embolus Valve degeneration Valve dehiscine Ring abscess Endocarditis Hemolysis Perivalvuar leak Pannus formation
46
What is Hemolysis?
Blood cells getting destroyed
47
Which prosthetic valves have a poppet/click ?
Mechanical
48
All prosthetic valves have a ______ gradient
Transvalvuar
49
Most mechanical valves have some built in____
Regurgitation
50
What is the name of the dual valve surgery for congenital aortic stenosis?
Ross procedure
51
Echo findings for prosthetic valves are ____ to each different valve
Specific
52
To tell you’re looking at a prosthetic valve on 2D echo the valve apparatus will be highly ____ and the valve may mask ____
Echogenic ; adjacent structures
53
Mechanical valve motion is best studied with what imaging technique? A) 2D Echo B) strain C) bubble study D) m- mode
D) M-mode
54
We use m-mode to look at mechanical valves because they give us a good idea of the valves?
Maximum/disc motion
55
A dehisced valve will move ___ to its attachment
Relative
56
What is pannus growth?
Host tissue overgrows on the valve
57
Often times prosthetic valves create artifacts & shadowing that can mask its____
Regurgitation jet
58
Often times prosthetic valves create artifacts & shadowing that can mask its Regurgitant jet. Which prosthetic valve placement tends to have a higher effect of this masking?
Mitral valve
59
Which prosthetic valve is it easier to see its Regurgitant jet ?
Aortic valve
60
With a porcine valve within the RVIT. How many struts of the prosthetic valve are you usually able to see?
2
61
Prosthetic valves should be checked for ___ leaks around the ____ ring
Peri-prosthetic ; ring
62
Sometimes evaluating MR with a mechanical valve on TTE is difficult. What else can they do to see that MR?
TEE
63
With prosthetic valves always measure ___ & ___ gradients across ___ valves
Peak & mean ; all
64
Gradients with prosthetic valves may be higher with what singular valve?
Starr Edward’s ball and cage valve
65
The normal PHT for a mitral prosthetic valve is? A)8mmhg B)1-3msec C)<170msec D)>280msec
C
66
What is the general velocity for MV prosthetic valve?
1.5-3 m/sec velocity
67
What is the general gradient for MV prosthetic valve?
3-7mmhg
68
What is the general velocity for AV prosthetic valve?
2-3 m/sec velocity
69
What is the general gradient for AV prosthetic valve?
14-20mmhg

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