Knowledge

Question 1

Advantage of mean

Answer 1

+most sensitive MoCT

Question 2

Disadvantage of mean

Answer 2

-can’t be used with nominal dat
-less representative

Question 3

Advantage of median

Answer 3

+not affected by extreme scores

Question 4

Disadvantage of median

Answer 4

-exact values are not reflected

Question 5

Advantage of mode

Answer 5

+only one that can be used for nominal data

Question 6

Disadvantage of mode

Answer 6

-not a useful way of describing data

Question 7

Advantage of independent groups

Answer 7

+no order effects as different P’s are in each condition
+less chance of demand characteristics

Question 8

Disadvantage of independent groups

Answer 8

-more P’s needed as it’s a larger sample
-individual differences so results aren’t as accurate

Question 9

Advantage of matched pairs

Answer 9

+less chance of individual differences as P’s are matched
+no order effects as P’s in different conditions

Question 10

Disadvantage of matched pairs

Answer 10

-impossible to match all participant variables
-lengthy process to match P’s

Question 11

Advantage of repeated measures

Answer 11

+less participants needed
+removes individual differences

Question 12

Disadvantage of repeated measures

Answer 12

-more materials needed
-order effects

Question 13

Advantage of case studies

Answer 13

+in depth/ detailed information
+information about rare/unique situations
+high ecological validity

Question 14

Disadvantage of case studies

Answer 14

-difficult to replicate
-lack of generalisability
-can’t establish cause and effect

Question 15

Strengths of correlation

Answer 15

+can be used when it would be unethical to manipulate variables
+easily repeated

Question 16

Weaknesses of correlations

Answer 16

-lack in/external validity lack generalisability
-no cause and effect relationship

Question 17

Examples of closed questions

Answer 17

•likert scale=indicates agreement with statement (5 is strongly agree)
•fixed choice option=list of options for respondents to choose from

Question 18

Strengths of lab experiments

Answer 18

+extraneous variables controlled
+high reliability as it’s replicable

Question 19

Weakness of lab experiment

Answer 19

-low ecological validity as it’s artificial conditions
-demand characteristics (screw you effect)

Question 20

Strength of field experiment

Answer 20

+high mundane realism leading to high ecological validity
+cause and effect relationship can be discovered

Question 21

Weakness of field experiment

Answer 21

-hard to control extraneous variables as not complete control over environment
-risk of demand characteristics

Question 22

Strength of quasi experiments

Answer 22

+ allow research of phenomena that wouldn’t be ethical otherwise

Question 23

Weakness of quasi experiment

Answer 23

-IV has not been directly manipulated we can’t draw definite cause and effect

Question 24

Naturalistic vs control observation

Answer 24

Naturalistic has high ecological validity and can be generalised
Controlled is easier to replicate due to control variables

Question 25

Covert vs overt observation

Answer 25

Covert can show participants natural behaviour Overt is ethical as you gain informed consent

Question 26

Participant vs non-participant observations

Answer 26

participant can get in-depth data as they are close to P’s Non-participant are more objective as not apart of it

Question 27

Structured vs unstructured observations

Answer 27

Structured can make recording data easier and replicable Unstructured can be very detailed

Question 28

Strength of cross-sectional study

Answer 28

+quick to conduct +data collected at once so easier

Question 29

Weakness of cross-sectional studies

Answer 29

-can’t analyse behaviour overtime -less rich detailed data collected

Question 30

Strength of longitudinal studies

Answer 30

+best way of spotting trends as they are repeated +participant variables don’t effect data collected

Question 31

Weakness of longitudinal studies

Answer 31

-some participants may no longer want to participate years later

Question 32

Milgram evaluation experimental validity

Answer 32

-limitation -assumes P’s believed they were actually giving shocks -unlikely for the amount of damage that would be caused causing doubt -however Milgram said in debrief 75% of P’s actually believed that

Question 33

Milgram evaluation (sample)

Answer 33

-limitation -self selected sample as they responded to newspaper article so display similar characteristics -all male subjective list little variety -lacks population validity -some variation different education levels

Question 34

Milgram evaluation (ethics)

Answer 34

-deception- they were unaware that it wasn’t real so also didn’t gain informed consent -harm- believing they caused others harm can cause them harm 3 P’s had full blown seizures

Question 35

Peer review process

Answer 35

Scientists will review something and the write a report about this research. They will then send it to an editor who will decide whether it’s relevant to their article if not it will be sent back if it is then it will be sent for peer review they are specialists in that area and scrutinize the scientific basis and ethical side. This then if is seen as good with then be published