knowledge Flashcards
(44 cards)
what is mental imagery
imagining something that is not there
doesnt need to be real or possible
what are mental images for
trying things out
testing hypothesis
solving problems
what is guided imagery
a method of relaxation which concentrates the mind on positive images in an attempt to reduce pain/stress
what can guided imagery be used for
pain management
meditative techniques
phobia and disorder managements
dual code theory
pavio 1971
pavio 1971
dual code theory
what is dual code theory
two codes that allow us to store information
words
mental images
what is the ‘word’ code
words are stored symbolically in a representational unit called ‘lologens’
they are symbols that when put together read and translated, make a word
what is the ‘mental images’ code
mental images are analogues like the physical stimuli to which they refer
photos of the things we are trying to store
stored in a representational unit called ‘imagens’
pavio 1969
provided evidence for dual code theory
evidence for dual code theory
pavio 1969
evidence for dual code theory
study
present words/pictures rapidly to participants
asked to recall freely or in order
it is easier to recall pictures freely but words in order
makes sense because words have a sequence to them
what is the alternative to dual code theory
propositional theory
propositional theory
pylyshyn 1973
pylysyn 1973
propositional theory
what is propositional theory
knowledge is presented as a language called mentalese
it is how concepts engage and work together that matters
images come later
what is deductive reasoning
the process of reasoning from one or more statements to reach a logical conclusion
e.g. can apply the statement “all cars have headlights” to a BMW even if you have never seen a BMW
what is a syllogism
a conclusion that is drawn from 2 given or assumed propositions
what are 2 problems of deductive reasoning
series problems
syllogisms
what are series problems
reviewing a set of statements and arriving at a conclusion not contained in any single statement
what is mental manipulation
operating on an item once you’ve imagined it
what 2 things are functionally equivalent
mental imagery and visual perception
what does functional equivalence mean
being at somewhere gives you the same experience as imagining it
e.g. pub
mental rotation
shepherd and meltzer 1971