Knowledge Organiser chapter 5 - Communicable disease

Question 1

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 1

A disease caused by a pathogen

Question 2

What is a pathogen?

Answer 2

A microorganism that causes an infectious disease

Question 3

What types of microorganism can cause disease?

Answer 3

Virus, bacteria, fungi or protists

Question 4

Define ‘health’

Answer 4

A state of physical and mental well-being

Question 5

What factors can affect our health?

Answer 5

Diet, stress and life situations

Question 6

What is a main cause of allergies?

Answer 6

Immune responses caused by a pathogen

Question 7

How do bacteria make us ill?

Answer 7

They reproduce rapidly in our bodies and produce toxins (poisons) that damage tissue and make us feel ill

Question 8

How do viruses make us ill?

Answer 8

The reproduce rapidly inside cells causing damage

Question 9

What ways can viruses be spread?

Answer 9

Air (including droplet), contact and water

Question 10

How can the spread of disease be prevented?

Answer 10

Simple hygiene, destroying vectors, isolation of infected individuals and vaccination

Question 11

What type of pathogen causes measles?

Answer 11

Virus

Question 12

What are the symptoms of measles?

Answer 12

Fever and rash, can be fatal in children

Question 13

How is measles spread?

Answer 13

Air (droplet inhalation)

Question 14

How is measles prevented?

Answer 14

Vaccination

Question 15

What type of pathogen causes HIV/AIDS?

Answer 15

Virus

Question 16

What are the symptoms of HIV/AIDS?

Answer 16

Flu like symptoms initially followed by damage to the immune system causing other illnesses

Question 17

How is HIV/AIDS spread

Answer 17

Sexual contact or exchange of body fluids e.g. blood or sharing needles

Question 18

How is HIV/AIDS treated?

Answer 18

Antiretroviral drugs

Question 19

What type of pathogen causes TMV?

Answer 19

Virus (affects plants)

Question 20

What are the symptoms of TMV?

Answer 20

Mosaic pattern of discolouration on the leaf which affects photosynthesis

Question 21

How is TMV spread?

Answer 21

Contact, including by vectors

Question 22

How is TMV treated?

Answer 22

Good hygiene and pest control

Question 23

What type of pathogen is salmonella?

Answer 23

Bacteria

Question 24

What are the symptoms of salmonella?

Answer 24

Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea

Question 25

How is salmonella spread?

Answer 25

In contaminated food

Question 26

How is salmonella prevented?

Answer 26

Good food hygiene

Question 27

What type of pathogen causes gonorrhoea?

Answer 27

Bacteria

Question 28

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?

Answer 28

A thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis and pain when urinating

Question 29

How is gonorrhoea spread?

Answer 29

Sexual contact

Question 30

How is gonorrhoea controlled?

Answer 30

Treatment with antibiotics and the use of barrier contraception (e.g. condoms)

Question 31

What type of pathogen causes rose black spot?

Answer 31

Fungus

Question 32

What are the symptoms of rose black spot?

Answer 32

Purple or black spots on leaves which turn yellow and drop early, reducing photosynthesis

Question 33

How is rose black spot spread?

Answer 33

Air (wind) or water

Question 34

How is rose black spot controlled?

Answer 34

Using fungicides and/or removing and destroying affected leaves

Question 35

What type of pathogen causes malaria?

Answer 35

Protist

Question 36

What are the symptoms of malaria?

Answer 36

Recurring fever which can be fatal

Question 37

How is malaria spread?

Answer 37

By mosquito vectors (being bitten)

Question 38

How is malaria controlled?

Answer 38

Preventing mosquitos from breeding and avoiding being bitten/using insect nets and insect repellents

Question 39

How does the skin defend us from pathogens?

Answer 39

Acts as a barrier, produces antimicrobial chemicals and is covered with healthy microbes

Question 40

How does our nose defend us from pathogens?

Answer 40

Full of hairs and mucus to trap particles in the air that could have pathogens

Question 41

How does our trachea and bronchi defend us from pathogens?

Answer 41

Produces sticky mucous to trap particles in air, cilia waft mucus up so we can swallow it

Question 42

How do our stomachs defend us from pathogens?

Answer 42

Contains acid to kill pathogens in food and drink

Question 43

How do white blood cells defend against pathogens that enter our body?

Answer 43

Ingesting them (phagocytosis), producing antibodies or producing antitoxins