Kriesi & chapter 17 L8 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the new political cleavage proposed by Kriesi et al. (2006)?
A conflict between globalization winners (cosmopolitan/libertarian) and losers (nationalist/authoritarian), cutting across traditional left-right divisions.
Who are the ‘losers of globalization’?
Less-educated, low-skilled workers in traditional sectors who face labor market risks and cultural threats from globalization.
Who are the ‘winners of globalization’?
Higher-educated, mobile professionals in expanding sectors who benefit economically and embrace cosmopolitan values.
How does globalization affect the structure of political conflict?
It reorients conflict along a new transnational vs. national axis, replacing or intersecting with the traditional economic left-right divide.
How do political parties respond to the globalization cleavage?
Mainstream parties blur positions, while new challenger parties politicize the issue, especially radical right and green parties.
What role do radical right parties play in this transformation?
They mobilize the ‘losers of globalization’ using nativist, authoritarian, and anti-immigration rhetoric.
What are the three main effects of globalization on domestic politics according to Caramani?
- Reduced state capacity 2. New cleavages and realignments 3. Internationalization of decision-making
What does Caramani say about sovereignty in a globalized world?
Sovereignty is increasingly fragmented between national and international institutions, leading to ‘shared sovereignty’.
How does globalization impact political participation?
It can lead to disengagement or backlash, especially among those who feel politically and economically excluded.
Which six countries were studied by Kriesi et al.?
Austria, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the UK.
What methodological approach does Kriesi et al. use?
Comparative analysis of political conflict lines across countries, using election surveys and party position data (1990s–2000s).
How is the new political space structured according to Kriesi et al.?
Along two dimensions: economic (left–right) and cultural (integration–demarcation), forming a two-dimensional political space.
What does ‘demarcation’ mean in Kriesi’s theory?
Political positions advocating protectionism, national sovereignty, and cultural closure in response to globalization.
What is meant by ‘integration’ in Kriesi’s model?
Support for open borders, multiculturalism, European integration, and global cooperation.
How do party systems differ in their response to globalization?
Some systems (e.g., Netherlands, Austria) align clearly with the globalization cleavage, others (e.g., UK, France) are more fragmented.
What is the ‘hollowing out of democracy’ in the globalization context?
A decline in citizens’ control over policy due to decision-making shifting to supranational and technocratic bodies.
How has globalization challenged traditional party-voter alignments?
By introducing new issues (immigration, EU integration, trade) that cross-cut old class-based cleavages.
What are some examples of political backlash to globalization mentioned in Caramani?
Brexit, the rise of populist parties in Europe and the US, and anti-globalization protests.
What is the role of political entrepreneurs (leaders or new fringe parties, often radical populism) in the globalization cleavage according to Kriesi et al.?
They activate and politicize latent grievances by framing globalization-related issues in ways that mobilize the “losers” of globalization.
or simply put;
Political entrepeneurs make people’s hidden frustrations about globalization more visible and turn them into political issues, helping those who feel left out by globalization come together and take action.
How do green parties fit into Kriesi’s two-dimensional political space?
They align with cosmopolitan, libertarian values and often represent the “winners of globalization” on both cultural and economic dimensions.
What challenge does European integration pose for national political space?
It shifts key policy decisions to supranational bodies, reducing national autonomy and feeding into populist backlash and Euroscepticism.
How has the cultural dimension of political conflict evolved according to Caramani?
It has become increasingly salient, shifting attention from class-based to identity-based cleavages, including immigration, nationalism, and sovereignty.
What role do media and communication technologies play in transforming political space?
They amplify political polarization and facilitate the rapid spread of transnational political narratives, often exploited by populist movements.
