kt2 Flashcards
(23 cards)
the reasons for the Revolt of the Northern Earls 1569
catholicism:they were strongly Catholic and deeply resented Elizabeth’s efforts to enforce Protestantism including the Book of Common prayer
The arrival of Mary in England after fleeing from Scotland provided a Catholic alternative to Elizabeth’s rule sparking the Earls desire to support her and potentially restore catholicism
Elizabeth replaced the Earls with a Council of the North, further undermining their power and authority.
Elizabeth’s actions, such as taking lands from nobles, further exacerbated the Earls’ sense of injustice and resentment.
significance of the revolt of the northern earls 1569
it marked the first violent challenge to Elizabeth’s throne
it exposed the deep religious disputes of Elizabethan England
The revolt and Elizabeth’s harsh response further exacerbated religious tensions, leading to more Catholic plots against her and a heightened sense of mistrust between the two religious factions.
the failed revolt strengthened Elizabeths commitment to English reformation and the protestant church of England
what were the names of the different plots against Elizabeth?
-Babington
-Thockmorton
-Ridolifi
features of the English involvement in the Netherlands
England supported the dutch protestants in their revolt against Spanish catholic rule- queen elizabeth 1 was reluctant to go to war but serectly sent money, weapons and volunteers to help the rebels in the 1570s and 1580s
treaty of nonsuch:Elizabeth agreed to send 7000 troops to the netherlands under the command of robert dudley- first military involvement
context of the Treaty of Nonsuch:
the Dutch revolt, which was a rebellion against the Spanish catholic rule of the Netherlands had been ongoing since the 1560s
the role of Robert Dudley
Earl of Leicester was a trusted favourite of Elizabeth 1
he was part of the nobility and held important political and military roles
the reasons for English victory at the Spanish Armada
the English used faster, manoeuvrable ships called galleons
the Spanish Armada’s plan was complicated and relied on good communication between land and sea forces which failed-Spanish ships were heavily loaded with supplies and less prepared for naval battle.
Leaders like Sir Francis Drake, Lord Howard of Effingham, and John Hawkins played major roles in organizing and commanding the navy.
Queen Elizabeth also helped boost morale with her famous speech at Tilbury, showing unity and determination.
fires ships at calais significance
the armada had a strong defensive crescent formation that protected them
the fireships forced them to scatter, making them vulnerable to English attack
this confusion ruined Spains plan to join up with the duke of parma’s troops in the Netherlands
led to English victory at grave lines
what was the biggest reasons for Mary queen of Scots execution
the plots (Ridolfi, Babington and Thockmortion)
to tsignificance of the ridolfi plot
the plot reinforced Elizabeths government’s fear of catholic rebellion and foreign intervention
the exposure of the plot led to the arrest and execution of the Duke of Norfolk (172)
causes of the Spanish Armada
religious rivalry:
Phillip 11 of Spain was a devout catholic and saw protestant Elizabeth as heretic
the Pope had excommunicated her in 1570 and encouraged catholic rulers to remove her
political and military rivalry:
England support Dutch rebels: Elizabeth had sent money and troops to help the protestant Dutch fight against Spanish rule in the Netherlands-growing naval power threatened Spanish dominance
Elizabeth rejected Philips marriage proposal, damaging relations
what year was the Spanish Armada
July 1588-August 1588
mnemonic to remember the causes of the Spanish armada
piracy
religion
execution of Mary queen of Scots
political rivalry
Philips ambition
two features of the Ridolfi plot
one feature of the ridolfi plot was that it was a plan to assassinate Elizabeth 1 and replace her with Mary Queen of Scots, this would mean that there would a be of restore of catholicism in England
another feature of the ridolfi plot was that it was organised by Roberto de Ridolfi who was an Italian banker. Ridolfi planned to bring 10,000 Spanish troops from the Netherlands with support of Philip 11 and the pope.
one feature of the Babington plot
the plotters, including Anothony Babington, sent secret letters to Mary queen of scots hidden in beer barrels using ciphered messages. these letters were intercepted and decoded by Francis Walsingham, Elizabeth’s spymaster who provided the evidence for Mary queen of scots execution.
two features of the Thockmorton plot
the reasons for Mary queen of Scots execution
Mary was linked to several of the catholic plots to remove Elizabeth-in the Babington plot Mary gave her written approval for the assassination of Elizabeth
Mary was Elizabeth’s cousin and had a strong claim to the English throne-many English catholics saw that Elizabeth was illegitimate and wanted Mary as queen
executing Mary removed the figurehead for catholic rebellion and helped secure Elizabeth’s position
the significance of Mary queen of Scots execution
walsingham and the use of spies
significance of the Babington plot
significance of the thockmorton plot
this plot showed that catholic plots were ongoing
this plot involved France,spain and the pope-international threat to Elizabeth
this increased fears of a catholic crusade on protestant England
plot led to the strengthening
the role of Robert Dudley in Englands direct involvement in Netherlands
he was sent to the Netherlands to lead the English army-his job was to help to defend Dutch protestants and resist Spanish forces led by the Duke of parma
dudleys campaign was seen as largely unsuccessful-struggled to control dutch leaders-his forces were underfunded and poorly equipped
drake and the raid on Cadiz
“singeing on the king’s beard”
daring attack by Sir Francis Drake on the Spanish naval fleet assembling on the Cadiz harbour in April 1587
destroyed 30 naval ships and large amounts of the armada’s supplies
drake also captured treasures and supplies on his return journey
