Kuehn

Question 1

Zygote

Answer 1

fertilized egg; single cell

Question 2

Embryo

Answer 2

2-8 weeks

Question 3

Fetus

Answer 3

9 weeks - birth; starts at 57th day

Question 4

Conceptus

Answer 4

embryo or fetus + al surrounding membranes

Question 5

Trimester

Answer 5

1/3 human development time

Question 6

Meosis

Answer 6

Gamete formation;
Two cell divisions
Only occurs in germinal cells (gonads)
1 DNA replication, 2 divisions
4N --> 2N --> N

Question 7

Mitosis

Answer 7

Occurs in all cells
1 DNA replication, 1 division
4N –> 2N

Question 8

Spermatogenesis

Answer 8

Spertmatogonia undergo mitosis

Primary and secondary spermatocytes undergo meiosis

Question 9

Spermiogenesis

Answer 9

Morphological differentiation of spermatids

Question 10

Oogonium

Answer 10

Only in fetus

All oogonia complete differentiation into primary oocytes by birth

Question 11

Primary oocyte

Answer 11

Found in most follicles

Remains in prophase of division 1 until some signal initiates further development

Question 12

Ovum

Answer 12

forms only after fusion w/sperm

Question 13

Follicles

Answer 13

Contains oocyte plus associated supporting cells

Question 14

Primordial follicle

Answer 14

1 thin layer of follicular cells

Question 15

Primary follicle

Answer 15

1 cuboidal layer of follicular cells

Question 16

Secondary follicle

Answer 16

growing follicle

Question 17

Mature follicle

Answer 17

contains antrum, primary/secondary oocyte

Question 18

Ovulation

Answer 18

Hormone controlled enzymes reduce the thickness of the ovary wall
Secondary oocyte ruptures the outer epithelium and forces them into the peritoneal cavity

Question 19

Blastomeres of equal size and surrounded by zone pellucida

Answer 19

2-4 cell stage

Question 20

Last synchronous division stage

Answer 20

8 cell stage

Question 21

Ball of 12-32 cells still bound in zone pellucida

Answer 21

morula

Question 22

Cells in morula shrink and migrate to the edge leaving a cavity in the middle; Outer cells = trophoblast; Inner cells = embryoblast

Answer 22

blastocyst

Question 23

Mesoderm

Answer 23

Middle of 3 primary germ layers

Develops splanchnopleure and somatopleure

Question 24

Extra-embryonic mesoderm

Answer 24

develops from yolk sac epithelium

Question 25

Intra-embryonic mesoderm

Answer 25

develops from epiblast

Question 26

Epiblast becomes

Answer 26

ectoderm

Question 27

Hypoblast becomes

Answer 27

endoderm

Question 28

Notochord

Answer 28

Arises from epiblast at primitive node | Eventually forms solid mass that will eventually disappear

Question 29

Dermamyotome

Answer 29

Creates all muscles in body

Question 30

Sclerotome

Answer 30

Creates vertebrae and intervertebral disks

Question 31

Somatopleure

Answer 31

Rest of skeleton

Question 32

Sonic Hedge Hog

Answer 32

Expressed by notochord and activates folding cycle | Edge of neural plate form a groove = neural crest

Question 33

Ectoderm creates

Answer 33

skin, hair, nails, tooth enamel, anterior pituitary

Question 34

Endoderm creates

Answer 34

thyroid, lungs, trachea, thymus, bladder

Question 35

Intermediate mesoderm creates

Answer 35

kidney, ureter, gonads

Question 36

Lateral plate mesoderm somatopleure creates

Answer 36

bones, cartilage, fascia, vasculature

Question 37

Lateral plate mesoderm splanchnopleure creates

Answer 37

visceral smooth muscle, visceral fascia

Question 38

Neuroectoderm

Answer 38

brain, brainstem, spinal cord

Question 39

Neural crest

Answer 39

melanocytes, peripheral nervous system, adrenal medulla, meninges

Question 40

Which pharyngeal arches (PA) degenerate early?

Answer 40

1 & 2

Question 41

PA 1 maxillary division derivatives

Answer 41

max division of trigem, mastication mm, maxillary b

Question 42

PA 1 mandibular division derivatives

Answer 42

mandib division of trigem, mandibular b, meckel's cartilage

Question 43

PA 2 derivatives

Answer 43

facial n, facial expression mm, hyoid bone, Reichert's cartilage

Question 44

PA 3 derivatives

Answer 44

glossopharyngeal n, stylopharyngeus m

Question 45

PA4 derivatives

Answer 45

vagus n, cricothyroid and mm of pharynx, thyroid cartilage

Question 46

PA6 derivatives

Answer 46

vagus n, intrinsic mm of larynx, cricoid cartilage

Question 47

Mesenchymal migration

Answer 47

4th-5th week

Question 48

Condensation of mesoderm

Answer 48

5th-6th week

Question 49

Chondrification

Answer 49

6th week

Question 50

Primary ossification

Answer 50

7-12 weeks

Question 51

Secondary ossification

Answer 51

birth-9 years

Question 52

Fusion of epiphyseal plates

Answer 52

18-25 years

Question 53

What forms late in the 5th week?

Answer 53

Epimere (deep back muscles) Hypomere (appendicular and body wall muscles) Somatopleure (forms bone, cartilage and CT)

Question 54

Amniotic membrane consists of

Answer 54

Yolk sac membrane, chorionic membrane, allantois, conecting stalk

Question 55

When is a fetus viable?

Answer 55

3rd trimester

Question 56

What occurs in a development defect during the 1st two weeks?

Answer 56

embryionic death

Question 57

What occurs in a development defect during weeks 3-8?

Answer 57

serious malformation

Question 58

What occurs in a development defect during week 9-birth?

Answer 58

progressively less severe