L1 AND L2 Flashcards by eloi ha

defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that lines an individual‘s speculation with reality.

Research

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Solutions to problems must be based on knowledge not on mere beliefs, guesses or theories.

Research

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a systematic and well-planned procedure is required to meet the need in order that information is acquired and evaluate its accuracy and effectiveness.

Research

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It is a process of inquiring

Research

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is continuous understanding of making known the unknown.

Research

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is defined as “a seeking for truth, information or knowledge”.

inquiry

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It is a problem solving technique.

inquiry

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The information and data pursued through questioning begins with gathering by applying the different human senses

Nature of inquiry

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Individuals carry on the process of _______ from birth till death.

inquiry

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_______ is synonymous with the word investigation

Inquiry

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has a deeper meaning compared to “inquiry”

Investigation

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It is a systematic examination of a certain event or phenomenon.

Investigation

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is a process whereby a researcher immerses (deeply involves) himself in the data gathering activities and the data he has gathered is carefully read or examined by him in detail.

immersion

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To inform action.

Purpose of research

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To prove or generate a theory.

Purpose of research

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To augment knowledge in a field or study.

Purpose of research

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Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.

Empirical

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Follows system or step-by-step procedures

Systematic

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Research is based on valid procedures and principles

Logical

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Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem.

Cyclical

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Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive, and experimental and case study.

Analytical

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Research exhibits careful and precise judgment.

Critical

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Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic method and procedures.

Methodical

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The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results

Replicability

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Any problem of extraordinary nature that directly and indirectly affects any profession is a feasible problem to study

feasible

Research involves the objective process of analyzing phenomena of importance to any profession or to different fields or disciplines

Objective

The choice of variables used in the study should be explained by researcher.

clear

Step 1 in research

Research Problem

Factors to Consider in Selecting a Research Problem

1. Researcher‘s area of interest 2. Availability of funds 3. Investigator‘s ability and training

Step 2 in research

Review of Related Literature

Step 3 in research

Methodology

Step 4 in research

Data Gathering Activities

Step 5 in research

DATA Analysis

Step 6 in research

new insights gained, conclusions and recommendations.

Step 7 in research

Define new problem

open ended questions for ____

qualitative research

closed-ended questionnaire or paper pencil test questionnaire for _____

for quantitative research

Process and analyze data using thematic analysis for ____

for qualitative research

statistical tools for ___

for quantitative research

Formulate new insights gained for ____ and conclusions for ______ and both have ____

for qualitative research, for quantitative research, recommendations

Objectivity and integrity

Ethical consideration

Respect of the research subjects ‘right to privacy and dignity and protection of subjects from personal harm

Ethical Considerations

Presentation of research findings

Ethical Considerations

Misuse of research role

Ethical Considerations

Acknowledgement of research collaboration and assistance

Ethical Considerations

Distortions of findings by sponsor

Ethical Considerations

This is required to secure in order protect the rights of the participants in your study.

Informed CONSENT

It report data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. Do not fabricate, falsify and misrepresent the data.

Honesty

Avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research

Objectivity

Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought and action.

Integrity

Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically examine your work and the work of peers. Keep good records of research activities.

Carefulness

Share data, results, ideas, tools and resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas.

Openness

Honor patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and other forms of intellectual property

Respect for INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants submitted for publication, personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient records.

Confidentiality

Help to educate, mentor, and advise others. Promote their welfare and allow them to make their own decisions.

Responsible mentoring

Publish in order to advance research and scholarship, not to advance your own career. Avoid wasteful and duplicative publication.

Responsible PUBLICATION

Respect your colleagues’ opinion, treat them fairly and do not outsmart others.

Respect for Colleagues

Strive to promote social acceptance and prevent or mitigate social harms through research, public education, and advocacy.

social responsibility

Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity, or other factors that are not related to their scientific competence and integrity.

NON-DISCRIMINATION

Maintain and improve your own professional competence and expertise through lifelong education and learning; take steps to promote competence in science as a whole.

Competence

Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and government policies.

Legality

Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in research. Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly designed animal experiments.

Animal Care

When conducting a research on human subjects, minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits; respect human dignity, privacy, and anonymity.

Human Subjects protection

They are moral principles or norms that describe certain standards of human behavior and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights.

Human Rights

They constitute a set of rights and duties necessary for the protection of human dignity, inherent to all human beings.

Human Rights

It protects creations of the mind, which have both a moral and a commercial value.

Intellectual Property

It is the use or production of copyright-protected material without permission of the copyright holder.

means that the rights accorded to the copyright holder, such as the exclusive use of a work for a set period of time, are breached by a third party

People must not be coerced into participating in research

Voluntary Participation

prospective research participants must be informed about the procedures and risks involved in research and must give their consent to participate.

Voluntary Participation

It is the protection of people’s identity through not disclosing their name or not exposing their identity

Anonymity

It is a situation in data gathering activities in which informant’s name is not given nor known.

Anonymity

It is someone’s right to keep his personal matters and relationships secret.

Privacy

It is the ability of an individual to seclude him from disturbance of any research activity.

Privacy

refers to the act of using another person’s ideas, works, processes, and results without giving due credit.

Plagiarism

Three different acts are considered plagiarism:

Failure to cite quotations and borrowed ideas Failure to enclose borrowed language in quotation marks Failure to put summaries and paraphrases in your own words.