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BMS242 Cell & Molecular > L1 Cell Cycle > Flashcards

L1 Cell Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What causes cells to proliferate

A

extrinsic factors

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2
Q

Wha† can extracellular signals induce

A

post-mitotic, differentiated state, no proliferation

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3
Q

Which state of cell cycle is quiescence

A

G0

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4
Q

Is G0 reversible

A

yes

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5
Q

Proliferation

A

cell cycle growth and division

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6
Q

Quiescence

A

non-proliferative state imposed on cell

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7
Q

What drives the cell cycle

A

cyclins fluctuation

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8
Q

What is the function of cyclin/Cdk complex

A

activate or repress target genes

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9
Q

What is highly conserved throughout evolution?

A

Cyclins/cdks

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10
Q

What cyclin is associated with G1

A

Cyclin D & E

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11
Q

What cyclin is associated with S phase

A

Cyclin A

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12
Q

What cyclin is associated with M phase (mitosis)

A

Cyclin B

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13
Q

What cdk forms a complex with cyclin D

A

cdk4 and cdk6

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14
Q

What cdk forms a complex with cyclin E

A

cdk2

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15
Q

What cdk forms a complex with cyclin A

A

cdk2 and cdk1

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16
Q

What cdk forms a complex with cyclin B

A

cdk1

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17
Q

What is the cyclin equivalent in yeast

A

cln or clb

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18
Q

What are the two major control factors of the cell cycle?

A

different cyclins, checkpoints

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19
Q

Affect of DNA damage on cell cycle

A

causes cell cycle arrest

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20
Q

Describe cyclin E levels

A

low through G1, rapid increase after R point

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21
Q

Describe cyclin A levels

A

levels increase as cell enters S phase

22
Q

Describe cyclin B levels

A

levels increase before mitosis

23
Q

What causes cyclin level fluctuation

A

degradation of proteins

24
Q

Degradation of cyclins

A

ubiquitination dependant

25
Q

What are D type cyclins controlled by

A

extracellular signals - growth factors & integrin mediated ECM attachment

26
Q

Effect of growth factor removal

A

collapse of cyclin D1 levels

27
Q

What signals do cyclin Ds relay

A

messages from extracellular environment to cell cycle clock in nucleus

28
Q

What are other cyclins levels controlled by

A

intracellular signals, cell cycle advance

29
Q

Which phases of the cell cycle are autonomous

A

after restriction point in G1

30
Q

Cdk inhibitor

A

CKI

31
Q

What are the checkpoints in the cell cycle

A

G1 checkpoint, G2-M checkpoint, metaphase checkpoint

32
Q

Effect of hyper-phosphorylation of E2F

A

commits cell to cell cycle

33
Q

What are the 3 places where DNA damage is detected

A

G1, entry to S phase, entry into mitosis

34
Q

DNA repair in G1

A

non-homologous end joining

35
Q

DNA repair in G2

A

homologous recombination

36
Q

What targets proteins for degradation

A

p53 bound to mdm2

37
Q

What associates with the site of DNA damage

A

ATM/ATR

38
Q

What renders the G1/s-cdk and S-cdk complexes inactive

A

p21

39
Q

What prevents cell cycle progression

A

p21

40
Q

What is different between embryonic cells and adult cells

A

embryonic cells undergo apoptosis rather than repair

41
Q

What makes the cell become quiescent or grow

A

extracellular signals

42
Q

What accompanies formation of most types of cancer

A

deregulation of R checkpoint

43
Q

When is DNA replication

A

S phase

44
Q

How often is DNA replicated

A

ONCE

45
Q

What is licensing?

A

loading of inactive helicases onto replication origins

46
Q

When does licensing occur?

A

G1

47
Q

How often does licensing occur

A

once per cell cycle

48
Q

Effect of forks stalling on DNA

A

DNA damage

49
Q

What is different in the cyclin levels of embryos

A

Cyclin E and A maintain high levels throughout the cell cycle

50
Q

What is different about the cell cycle in embryos

A

very short G1 phase

BMS242 Cell & Molecular (14 decks)

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