L1: Heart Failure - Pt 1

Question 1

Def of Heart Failure

Answer 1

Question 2

Types of Heart Failure

Answer 2

Question 3

Compare Between Systolic & Diastolic HF in terms of

• Def
• Pathology
• Heart Size
• Heart Sound
• EF
• Causes

Answer 3

Question 4

Compare Between LSHF & RSHF

• Symptoms & Signs
• Causes

Answer 4

Question 5

Compare Between LOHF & HOHF

Answer 5

Question 6

Most cases of CHF are of mixed type (e.g. biventricular, systolic/diastolie)

Answer 6

….

Question 7

Classification of Heart Failure

Answer 7

Question 8

Classification of Heart Failure

• LVEF

Answer 8

Question 9

Def of LVEF

Answer 9

% of blood pumped each time heart contract

• SV= (EDV-ESV)/EDV × 100

Question 10

LVEF is Measured By ……..

Answer 10

• ECHO
• CMRI
• CCT
• Nuclear
• Cardiac cath.

Question 11

Measures of LVEF

Answer 11

• HFrecEF
• HFrEF
• HFmrEF
• HFpEF

Question 12

Types of LVEF

Answer 12

Question 13

Types of LVEF

• HFrEF

Answer 13

Question 14

Types of LVEF

• HFmrEF

Answer 14

Question 15

Types of LVEF

• HFpEF

Answer 15

Question 16

Classifying patients based on their EF (HFrEF vs HFpEF) is important due to …..

Answer 16

differences in demographics, co-morbidities, and response to therapies.

Question 17

The diagnosis of HFpEF is often more challenging due to

Answer 17

the need to Rule out non-cardiac causes of SOB and /or fluid retention

Question 18

Def of HFrecEF

Answer 18

• Subgroup of patients with HFrEF and treated with GDM
• improvement in EF to the normal range.

Question 19

Predictors of HFrecEF

Answer 19

Question 20

Pathologies Associated with HFrecEF

Answer 20

Question 21

Def of HFmrEF

Answer 21

Question 22

TTT of HFmrEF

Answer 22

treated for risk factors/comorbidities & with GDMT similar to Above

Question 23

Classification of Heart Failure

• ACC/AHA Stages

Answer 23

Question 24

ACC/AHA Stages of HF

• A

Answer 24

Question 25

ACC/AHA Stages of HF - B

Answer 25

Question 26

ACC/AHA Stages of HF - C

Answer 26

Question 27

ACC/AHA Stages of HF - D

Answer 27

Question 28

NYHA Classification of HF

Answer 28

Question 29

**NYHA Classification of HF** - I

Answer 29

Question 30

NYHA Classification of HF - II

Answer 30

Question 31

NYHA Classification of HF - III

Answer 31

Question 32

NYHA Classification of HF - IV

Answer 32

Question 33

Etiology of **HF**

Answer 33

Question 34

Etiology of **HF** - Most Common Causes

Answer 34

Question 35

Etiology of **HF** - Less Common Causes

Answer 35

Question 36

Less Common Causes of **HF** - Toxic

Answer 36

anthracyclines, radiation, uremia, catecholamines

Question 37

Less Common Causes of **HF** - Infectious

Answer 37

Chagas' disease (South America), Coxsackie virus, HIV

Question 38

Less Common Causes of **HF** - Endocrine

Answer 38

hyperthyroidism, DM, acromegaly

Question 39

Less Common Causes of **HF** - Metabolic

Answer 39

thiamine deficiency, selenium deficiency

Question 40

Less Common Causes of **HF** - Infiltrative

Answer 40

sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, hemochromatosis

Question 41

Less Common Causes of **HF** - Genetic

Answer 41

HCM, Friedreich's Ataxia, muscular dystrophy

Question 42

Less Common Causes of **HF** - Others

Answer 42

* Congenital heart disease * Peripartum

Question 43

PPTs of **HF**

Answer 43

Question 44

PPTs of **HF** - Usually Reversible

Answer 44

Question 45

PPTs of **HF** - Examples

Answer 45

Question 46

PPTs of HF - Dietary Indiscretion / medical non-adherence

Answer 46

40% of Cases

Question 47

PPTs of HF - CVS

Answer 47

Question 48

PPTs of HF - Renal Failure

Answer 48

* Acute progression of CKD

Question 49

PPTs of HF - Others

Answer 49

- **Drugs:** as NSAIDs, BB, CCB, TZDs & - **Chemo:** as anthracyclines, trastuzumab & - **Toxins:** as EtOH

Question 50

PPTs of HF - Extreme Stress

Answer 50

- Anemia - Systemic infection - OSA - Thyroid disease

Question 51

Routine Tests to Detect **PPTs of HF**

Answer 51