L4: Pneumonia - Pt 2

Question 1

Pathogenesis & Pathology of Pneumonia

Answer 1

Question 2

Pathogenesis & Pathology of Pneumonia

• Congestion

Answer 2

• Entry of the invading organisms into the alveoli → the start of inflammation and engorgement of blood vessels.

Question 3

Pathogenesis & Pathology of Pneumonia

• red Hepatization

Answer 3

• Intra-alveolar exudation of Red cells, White blood cells and Fibrin → replacement of alveolar air by solid material hence the name of consolidation

Question 4

Pathogenesis & Pathology of Pneumonia

• Grey Hepatization

Answer 4

Intra-alveolar exudation shows incraesed White cells, decreased RBCs and start of liquefaction → expectoration.

Question 5

Pathogenesis & Pathology of Pneumonia

• Resolution

Answer 5

Exudate is expectorated, absorbed & removed by the phage system.

Question 6

CP of Pneumonia

Answer 6

Question 7

CP of Pneumonia

• symptoms

Answer 7

Question 8

Symptoms of Pneumonia

Answer 8

Question 9

Symptoms of Pneumonia

• Cough

Answer 9

Question 10

Symptoms of Pneumonia

• Dyspnea

Answer 10

Question 11

Symptoms of Pneumonia

• Chest Pain

Answer 11

Pleuritic pain due to inflammation of the parietal pleura.

Question 12

CP of Pneumonia

• General Signs

Answer 12

Question 13

General Signs of Pneumonia

• Tachypnea & Tachycardia

Answer 13

Respiration to Pulse ratio may be 1: 2 or 1: 1 [normal 1: 4]

Question 14

General Signs of Pneumonia

• temperature

Answer 14

• 38.5 - 39.5 °C, myalgia with or without rigors.

Question 15

General Signs of Pneumonia

• Flushed Face

Answer 15

…

Question 16

General Signs of Pneumonia

• Cyanosis

Answer 16

in severe cases

Question 17

General Signs of Pneumonia

• Herpes Labialis

Answer 17

(in Strept pneumonia)

Question 18

General Signs of Pneumonia

• respiratory Distress

Answer 18

…..

Question 19

CP of Pneumonia

• Local Chest Signs

Answer 19

Question 20

Local Chest Signs in Pneumonia

• Inspection

Answer 20

• Diminished respiratory movement & limited chest expansion of affected side

Question 21

Local Chest Signs in Pneumonia

• Palpation

Answer 21

Central trachea and increased TVF over the affected lobe.

Question 22

Local Chest Signs in Pneumonia

• Percussion

Answer 22

impaired note or dullness over the affected lobe.

Question 23

Local Chest Signs in Pneumonia

• Auscultation

Answer 23

Question 24

Specific CP of Pneumonia

• Staph Aureus

Answer 24

Question 25

Specific CP of **Pneumonia** - Atypical Pneumonia

Answer 25

Question 26

Specific CP of **Pneumonia** - Mycoplasma Pneumonia

Answer 26

Question 27

Specific CP of **Pneumonia** - Viral Pneumonia

Answer 27

Question 28

INVx for **Pneumonia**

Question 29

INVx for **Pneumonia** - radiology

Question 30

Rads in **Pneumonia** - Chest X-Ray

Answer 30

Question 31

Chest X-Ray in **Pneumonia** - Significance

Answer 31

* It is essential for diagnosis of pneumonia.

Question 32

Chest X-Ray in **Pneumonia** - Radiological Signs of ..........

Answer 32

Radiological signs of consolidation: - due to replacement of air in acini by fluid or solid material.

Question 33

Chest X-Ray in **Pneumonia** - Broncho-Pneumonia

Answer 33

Question 34

Chest X-Ray in **Pneumonia** - Lobar Pneumonia

Answer 34

Question 35

Chest X-Ray in **Pneumonia** - Interstitial Pneumonia

Answer 35

Question 36

Chest X-Ray in **Pneumonia** - Staph Aureus Pneumonia

Answer 36

Question 37

Chest X-Ray in **Pneumonia** - Nodular Infiltrates

Answer 37

Question 38

Chest X-Ray in **Pneumonia** - radiological Signs of Complications

Answer 38

Question 39

Bronchopneumonia - CXR - Cause

Answer 39

Question 40

lobar Pneumonia - CXR - Cause

Answer 40

Question 41

Interstitial Pneumonia - CXR - Cause

Answer 41

Question 42

Aspiration Pneumonia - CXR - Cause

Answer 42

Question 43

**Klebsiella (Gram -ve) Pneumonia** - Type of Pneumonia

Answer 43

- They produce lobar pneumonia, tends to involve upper lobes and it may mimic tuberculosis.

Question 44

**Klebsiella (Gram -ve) Pneumonia** - Characters of Affected Area

Answer 44

- The affected area of the lung may become distended by viscid edema fluid with down displacement of the fissure (bulging fissure sign in chest x-ray).

Question 45

**Klebsiella (Gram -ve) Pneumonia** - Associations

Answer 45

Cavitations may occur and is accompanied by hemoptysis.

Question 46

Rads in **Pneumonia** - CT Chest

Answer 46

High Resolution CT Chest

Question 47

Rads in **Pneumonia** - Chest US

Answer 47

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