L1 Nervous System

Question 1

CNS

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Integrates and coordinates incoming and outgoing neural signals

Question 2

PNS

Answer 2

Nerves and ganglia

Consists of nerves that conduct impulses to or away from CNS to the rest of the body

Not protected/exposed to toxins & mechanical injuries

Question 3

Meninges

Answer 3

Three connective tissues that protect, suspend, and surround the CNS within vertebral column/cranial cavity

Dura mater (outer)
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

Question 4

Epidural space

Answer 4

Outside dura mater

Contains fat, vertebral venous plexus

Drugs can be administered here

Question 5

Subdural “space” and arachnoid

Answer 5

Potential space if there’s blood accumulation or a pathology

Dura and arachnoid maters are usually together

Question 6

Subarachnoid space

Answer 6

Below arachnoid

Contains cerebrospinal fluid

Access via lumbar puncture

Question 7

Pia mater

Answer 7

Can’t pull of spinal cord

Question 8

Denticulate ligament

Answer 8

Lateral to pia mater

Anchors spinal chord within spinal canal

Question 9

Spinal cord lies within

Answer 9

Vertebral column

Question 10

Vertebral column components

Answer 10

7 cervical 
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral (fused) 
3-4 coccygeal (fused)

Question 11

Spinal cord does not extend

Answer 11

The entire length of vertebral column

Question 12

Conus medullaris

Answer 12

Inferior termination on spinal cord

~L1-L2 vertebral level in adults

Question 13

Filum terminale internus

Answer 13

Proceeds downward from conus medularis

Delicate strand of fibrous tissue

Question 14

PNS components

Answer 14

12 pairs cranial nerves
31 pairs spinal nerves

(left and right of each)

Question 15

Spinal nerves

Answer 15

C1-C8 8 cervical

T1-T12 12 thoracic

L1-L5 5 lumbar

S1-S5 5 sacral

Co1 1 coccygeal

Question 16

Spinal cord segment

Answer 16

Portion of spinal cord that is associated with one pair of spinal nerves

Question 17

A single spinal nerve contains

Answer 17

Dermatome and myotome

Question 18

Dermatome

Answer 18

Segment of skin receiving sensory interaction

Go through posterior root towards CNS

Question 19

Myotome

Answer 19

Segment of skeletal muscle receiving motor innervation

Go through anterior root away from CNS

Question 20

Anterior root

Answer 20

Only contains motor info

Away from CNS

Question 21

Posterior root

Answer 21

Only contains sensory info

Info to CNS

Question 22

Posterior horn

Answer 22

Cell body in PNS

Question 23

Anterior horn

Answer 23

Cell body in CNS

Question 24

Spinal nerve contains

Answer 24

Motor and sensory info

Question 25

Posterior root ganglion

Answer 25

Contains cell bodies of sensory neurons

Question 26

Posterior ramus

Answer 26

Contains motor and sensory information

Question 27

Anterior ramus

Answer 27

Contains motor and sensory information

Question 28

Plexus

Answer 28

Combines neurons from different sources or spinal cord levels to form nerves with specific targets

Question 29

Anterior rami can

Answer 29

Form plexuses (many do) Or travel around body wall singularly

Question 30

Spinal nerves exit vertebral column

Answer 30

Nerve C1 between skull and C1 vertebrae Nerves C2-C7 emerge superior to corresponding vertebrae Nerve 8 emerges inferior to C7 vertebrae Nerves T1 and below emerge inferior to corresponding vertebrae

Question 31

Because spinal cord is much shorter than vertebral column

Answer 31

Spinal nerve roots become longer and pass more obliquely toward the inferior region of the vertebral canal

Question 32

Cauda equina

Answer 32

“Horses tail” of spinal nerves after conus medullaris

Question 33

CFS can be withdrawn safely via

Answer 33

Lumbar puncture between L2 and S2

Question 34

Pia mater ends

Answer 34

At conus medullaris

Question 35

Dural sac ends

Answer 35

At S2 And external filum terminale proceeds from here Above dural sac = internal filum terminale

Question 36

Neuron and its components

Answer 36

Specialized cell to transmit info Cell body Dendrite(s) Axon

Question 37

Neuron terminology of CNS

Answer 37

Nucleus - collection of cell bodies in CNS tract- collection of neuron processes (axons) in CNS

Question 38

Neuron terminology PNS

Answer 38

Ganglion - collection of cell bodies in PNS Nerve - collection of neuron processes (axons or dendrites) in PNS

Question 39

Structural types of neurons

Answer 39

unipolar Bipolar Pseudounipolar * Multipolar *

Question 40

Neurons classified by direction of impulse

Answer 40

Efferent Afferent

Question 41

Efferent

Answer 41

Motor CNS to PNS

Question 42

Afferent

Answer 42

Sensory PNS to CNS

Question 43

Neurons classified by type of structure innervated

Answer 43

Somatic Visceral

Question 44

Somatic

Answer 44

Skin, skeletal muscle, bones, joints Framework Protection Voluntary movement

Question 45

Visceral

Answer 45

Organs, glands, blood vessels Involuntary activities Carry out internal functions like digestion, excretion, and respiration

Question 46

Four functional types of neurons

Answer 46

SA VA SE VE

Question 47

SA

Answer 47

Somatic afferent Body wall and sensory

Question 48

VA

Answer 48

Visceral afferent Organ system and sensory

Question 49

SE

Answer 49

Somatic efferent Body wall and motor

Question 50

VE

Answer 50

Visceral efferent Organ system and motor

Question 51

Nerve structure

Answer 51

Neurons + connective tissue covering + vessels