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Human Anatomy exam 1 > L7 Anterior Thigh, Anterior And Lateral Leg, Foot > Flashcards

L7 Anterior Thigh, Anterior And Lateral Leg, Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior compartment of the thigh

A

Femoral n.

Main actions: extension of knee, a little hip flexion

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2
Q

Anterior thigh muscles

A 
Quadriceps:
Rectus femoris 
Vastus lateralis 
Vastus medialis 
Vastus intermedialis

Not quads
Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Sartorius

All innervated by femoral n.

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3
Q

Quadriceps

A

Vastus lateralis
Insert on tibia via quadriceps tendon Origin on femur
A: extends knee

Vastus medialis
Same origin/insertion
A: extends leg at knee

Rectus femoris
Origin on anteriorinferior iliac spine
Same insertion
A: extends leg, flexes thigh

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4
Q

Femoral triangle

A

Describe how femoral n comes from pelvis into LE

Inguinal ligament is above triangle
Three muscles form the borders
Iliopsoas flexes thigh

Pectineus adducts and flexes thigh

Sartorius flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh and flexes leg

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5
Q

Femoral nerve

A

L2-L4

Divides into serval terminal branches

Somatic efferent = muscles to anterior thigh

Terminates as a peripheral cutaneous nerve- somatic afferent= anterior and medial portion of leg

Test function of femoral n- tap medial and anterior portion of leg or ask to flex thigh and extend knee

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6
Q

Patellar reflex (L2-L4)

A

Testing L2-l4 spinal cord segments but really femoral n

Sensory info goes back through anterior ramus

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7
Q

Cruciate ligament

A

Prevents forward movement of tibia relative to femur due to force from walking

Cross fingers middle over index, put hand on knee, anterior =middle finger..posterior= index finger

ACL keeps knee functional Prevents forward movement of tibia relative to femur due to force from walking. Ruptured = tibia can be forward “anterior draw sign”

PCL often not torn

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8
Q

Most common knee injury

A

Lateral force applied against knee when foot fixed on ground and cannot move

ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus are likely torn

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9
Q

Anterior thigh in locomotion

A

Knee extensors stabilizes knee during stance phase

Rectus femoris decelerates thigh to prepare for swing phase

Hip flexors , iliopsoas, accelerate thigh during swing phase

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10
Q

Medial compartment of the thigh

A

Obturator n

Main actions: adductors of hip

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11
Q

Medial compartment muscles

A 
Adductor longus 
  Adducts thigh
Adductor brevis 
  Adducts thigh 
Gracilis 
  Adducts thigh 
Adductor magnus 
  Adducts thigh
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12
Q

Adductor magnus

A

Has adductor and hamstring part

Seen in anterior: iscilia tuberosity origin
Tibial n
Extend thigh, adducts thigh

Seen posterior:
Obturator n
Adductor

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13
Q

Obturator n

A

Nerve to medial compartment

Enters through obturator foramen

Cutaneous sensation to the medial thigh

Divides into anterior and posterior branches around the adductor brevis

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14
Q

Medial thigh role in locomotion

A

Doesn’t have role

People with strong adduction muscles can dislocate hip due to pull of excessive tone of adductors

Fix by blocking obturator n.

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15
Q

Anterior compartment of leg

A

Deep fibular n.

Main actions: dorsi flexion, inversion foot, extension toes

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16
Q

Anterior leg muscles

A

Tibialis anterior
A: dorsi flexion and inversion

Extensor hallucis longus
A: extends big toe, dorsiflexes foot

Extensor digitorum
A: extends lateral 4 digits, dorsiflexes foot

17
Q

Deep fibular n

A

Divides into deep and superficial fibular nerves around neck of fibula

Deep fibular n travels between tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus

Motor innervation to anterior compartment

Sensory info from web space btw hallux and 2nd toe

18
Q

Common fibular n

A

Separates from tibial n in inferior 1/3 of thigh

19
Q

Anterior leg in locomotion.

A

Dorsiflexors help lower foot to ground by decelerating foot fall

Dorsiflexors cleat foot during swing phase

20
Q

Lateral compartment of leg

A

Superficial fibular n.

Foot eversion

21
Q

Lateral leg muscles

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

Evert foots

22
Q

Superficial fibular n

A

Divides into deep and superficial fibular nerves around neck of fibula

Terminal branch of the common fibular n

Motor innervation to lateral compartment of leg

Sensory info from anterolateral leg and most of dorsum of foot

23
Q

Lateral leg in locomotion

A

Foot everters (and inventors) are active when on uneven ground

24
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

Increased intracompartmental pressure

Decreased venous and lymphatic drainage

Deep crural fascia is really strong in LE - increase efficiency of muscle contraction

Infection in any compartment, nowhere for infection to go, increased compartmental pressure, decreases blood flow to heart and lymphatic drainage

May become ischemic and permanently injured

Must perform fasciotomy

25
Q

Injury to common fibular n

A

lose superficial and deep fibular n

Foot drop- toes don’t clear ground during swing phase

Compensation for foot drop:
Waddling gait - moving whole body
Swing-out fair - use hip abductors
Stoppage gait - step very high

26
Q

Three parts of foot

A

Forefoot - lever during preswing phase of gait for forward propulsion

Midfoot- forms arch of foot, increases range of motion of foot, provides ability to adapt to uneven surfaces, connected to hind foot and forefoot by plantar fascia and muscles

Hindfoot- provides stability and shock absorption at heel strick

27
Q

Arches of foot

A

Medial longitudinal calcaneous to phalanges

Lateral longitudinal calcaneous to phalanges

Transverse metatarsals

Medial and lateral act as unit , transverse spreading weight in all directions

Bony support

28
Q

Medial arch

A

Talar head is keystone if medial longitudinal arch

Loss of support for talar head can result in flat feet

Dynamic support- muscles
Passive support - bones / ligaments

29
Q

Ankle ligaments

A

Lateral collateral ligament (fibula to calcaneous)

Medial (deltoid) collateral ligament (tibia to calcaneous)

Plantar aponerosis has

30
Q

Fracture-dislocations of ankle joints

A

Inversion = sprain of lateral collateral ligament

Eversion = sprain of medial collateral ligament

Human Anatomy exam 1 (7 decks)

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