L1 part 2 Flashcards
(166 cards)
1
Q
_ described how the internal environment is separate and different from the external environment.
A
Claude Bernard
2
Q
The _ _ of homeostasis involves a stimulus, controlled variable, receptors, control center, effectors, and response.
A
feedback loop
3
Q
Claude Bernard described how the internal environment is separate and different from the external environment, i.e, ‘_ _’.
A
milieu interieur
4
Q
_ _ coined the term homeostasis.
A
Walter Cannon
5
Q
Normal beings strive to maintain a normal internal environment, regardless of the _ environment.
A
external
6
Q
Claude Bernard and _ _ coined the underlying principle of physiology, homeostasis.
A
Walter Cannon
7
Q
The underlying principle of physiology was brought forward by _ _
A
Walter CAnnon
8
Q
A car on cruise control going up a hill is an example of _
A
homeostasis
9
Q
An _ _ is sent to the control centre in a car to send gas to an accelerator and the engine for a car to stay at the set cruise control when going up a hill.
A
error signal
10
Q
The feedback loop of homeostasis involves a _, controlled variable, receptors, control center, effectors, and response.
A
stimulus
11
Q
The feedback loop of homeostasis involves a stimulus, _ _, receptors, control center, effectors, and response.
A
controlled variable
12
Q
The feedback loop of homeostasis involves a stimulus, controlled variable, _, control center, effectors, and response.
A
receptors
13
Q
The feedback loop of homeostasis involves a stimulus, controlled variable, receptors, _ _ , effectors, and response.
A
control centre
14
Q
The feedback loop of homeostasis involves a stimulus, controlled variable, receptors, control center, _, and response.
A
effectors
15
Q
The feedback loop of homeostasis involves a stimulus, controlled variable, receptors, control center, effectors, and _.
A
response
16
Q
Using the car at cruise control going up a hill example, the stimulus of the system is the…
A
hill/incline
17
Q
Using the car at cruise control going up a hill example, the controlled variable of the system is…
A
the speed setting
18
Q
Using the car at cruise control going up a hill example, the receptors of the system is the…
A
speedometer
19
Q
Using the car at cruise control going up a hill example, the control centre of the system is…
A
the car engine or cruise control centre
20
Q
Using the car at cruise control going up a hill example, the effectors of the system is…
A
the gas pedal compressing
21
Q
Using the car at cruise control going up a hill example, the response of the system is…
A
the car speeding up to reach cruise control speed up a hill
22
Q
Physiology is indicative of the body’ _
A
functions
23
Q
An example of the chemical level of the human body is…
A
atoms or molecules
24
Q
Smooth muscle cells are indicative of the _ level
A
cellular
25
Smooth muscle tissue is at the _ level
tissue
26
The stomach is at the _ level of the body
organ
27
The digestive system is at the _ level of the body
system
28
The highest organizational level of the body is the _ level
organismal
29
Amino acids binding into protein is an example of _, the metabolic life process
anabolism
30
The binding of fatty acids and glycerol into triglycerides is an example of _, the metabolic life process
anabolism
31
The breakdown of glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water and ATP is an example of _, the metabolic life process
catabolism
32
Avoiding stepping on a tack is an example of this protective life process: _
responsiveness
33
The bone's matrix is an example of increasing _ _ _ , an example o f the growth life process
the types of materials between cells (intercellular)
34
The growth life processes include:
increase in size of existing cells,
increase in the number of cells, and...
increased number of materials BETWEEN the cells
35
Red blood cells' formation from unspecified cells in bone marrow is an example of this life process:
differentiation
36
Receptors serve as a/n _ to the control centre
input
37
Action potentials or chemical signals to a control centre is an example of _ in the feedback loop
receptors
38
_ bring about a change or response that alters a controlled variable
effectors
39
A return to homeostasis occurs when the response brings the _ _ back to normal
controlled variable
40
A return to homeostasis occurs when the _ brings the controlled variable back to normal
response
41
Receptors monitor the _ _ in homeostasis
controlled variable
42
_ disrupts homeostasis by increasing or decreasing a controlled variable
A stimulus
43
A stimulus disrupts homeostasis by increasing or decreasing a _ _
controlled variable
44
The homeostatic set point is a series of _ around the normal operating range.
variances
45
The homeostatic _ _ is a series of variances around the normal operating range.
set point
46
The homeostatic mechanism is a series of variances around the _ _ _ .
normal operating range
47
Homeostasis serves as a/n _ _ function.
error sensing
48
Minor adjustments are continually made to maintain a/n _ _ _
normal operating range
49
Feedback systems control mechanism that help maintain the _ _.
operating range
50
_ _' control mechanisms help maintain the operating range
feedback systems
51
T/F: Homeostasis is a feedback loop that is associated with a mechanism that helps maintain the operating range.
False: there are a number of mechanisms
52
_ feedback will reverse a change in a controlled variable
negative
53
The majority of variables in the body are controlled by the _ feedback system.
negative
54
Positive feedback is about _ the changes that occur in homeostasis.
amplifying
55
An example of positive feedback is _
the childbirth blood clotting response
56
The greater _ of the response in homeostasis is specific to the human body.
complexity
57
_ is a mechanism that our bodies use in anticipation of a change in the controlled variable.
feedforward
58
Feedforward is a mechanism that our bodies use in ___ change in the controlled variable.
anticipation of a
59
Feedforward is a mechanism that our bodies use in anticipation of a change in the __.
controlled variable
60
If one anticipates a tasty meal, one's mouth waters. This is an example of the _ mechanism
feedforward
61
T/F: Homeostasis is a continuous cycle.
true
62
The constant monitoring of the internal environment in homeostasis is dependent on the __, a continuous process.
feedback loop
63
Greater _ on the controlled variable/s is the main reason for body compartmentalization.
impact
64
Greater impact on the controlled variable/s is the main reason for _ _.
body compartmentalization
65
Greater impact on the _ _ is the main reason for body compartmenalization.
controlled variable/s
66
Another reason for body compartmentalization is the separation of the _ _ from the _ _.
internal environment from the external environment
67
Metabolism is the sum of a ll chemical processes that occur in the body, which serve each level of the body:
chemical -
breakdown of proteins into amino acids (catabolize)
68
Metabolism is the sum of a ll chemical processes that occur in the body, which serve each level of the body:
cellular -
the formation of proteins from amino acids
69
Metabolism is the sum of a ll chemical processes that occur in the body, which serve each level of the body:
tissue
the formation of proteins into tissues
70
Metabolism is the sum of a ll chemical processes that occur in the body, which serve each level of the body:
organ
the formation of tissues into organs
71
Metabolism is the sum of a ll chemical processes that occur in the body, which serve each level of the body:
system -
the utilization of energy within the digestive system (e.g.)
72
Metabolism is the sum of a ll chemical processes that occur in the body, which serve each level of the body:
organismal -
the growth of size of the body
73
Movement is the motion of each part of the human body, which serve each level of the body:
chemical -
oxygen moves within the blood stream
74
Movement is the motion of each part of the human body, which serve each level of the body:
cellular -
oxygen increases to stimulate movement within blood cellsk
75
Movement is the motion of each part of the human body, which serve each level of the body:
tissue -
blood volume moves more slowly or fast within the body
76
Movement is the motion of each part of the human body, which serve each level of the body:
organ -
the blood's efficacy impacts the workings of the heart
77
Movement is the motion of each part of the human body, which serve each level of the body:
system -
the efficacy of the heart impacts the degree of cardiovascular efficacy within the body, and each parts' movement
78
Movement is the motion of each part of the human body, which serve each level of the body:
organismal -
the body is ready to continue living and moving
79
There are _ systems in the human body.
11
80
The gonads and subsequent parts are a part of the _ system
reproductive
81
Ovaries and the epididymis are examples of _.
gonads
82
```
The gonads of the female body include the:
_
uterine tubes
uterus
vagina
mammary glands
```
ovaries
83
```
The gonads of the female body include the:
ovaries
_
uterus
vagina
mammary glands
```
uterine tubes
84
```
The gonads of the female body include the:
ovaries
uterine tubes
_
vagina
mammary glands
```
uterus
85
```
The gonads of the female body include the:
ovaries
uterine tubes
uterus
_
mammary glands
```
vagina
86
```
The gonads of the female body include the:
ovaries
uterine tubes
uterus
vagina
_
```
mammary glands
87
The kidneys and ureters are part of the _ system
urinary
88
```
The urinary system is composed of the:
_
ureters
urinary bladders
urethra
```
kidneys
89
```
The urinary system is composed of the:
kidneys
_
urinary bladders
urethra
```
ureters
90
```
The urinary system is composed of the:
kidneys
ureters
_
urethra
```
urinary bladder
91
```
The urinary system is composed of the:
kidneys
ureters
urinary bladders
_
```
urethra
92
The mouth and large intestines are part of the _ system
digestive
93
```
The digestive system is composed of the:
_
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
```
mouth
94
```
The digestive system is composed of the:
mouth
_
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
```
pharynx
95
```
The digestive system is composed of the:
mouth
pharynx
_
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
```
esophagus
96
```
The digestive system is composed of the:
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
_
small intestine
large intestine
anus
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
```
stomach
97
```
The digestive system is composed of the:
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
_
large intestine
anus
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
```
small intestine
98
```
The digestive system is composed of the:
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
_
anus
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
```
large intestine
99
```
The digestive system is composed of the:
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
_
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
```
anus
100
```
The digestive system is composed of the:
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus
_
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
```
salivary glands
101
```
The digestive system is composed of the:
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus
salivary glands
_
gallbladder
pancreas
```
liver
102
```
The digestive system is composed of the:
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus
salivary glands
liver
_
pancreas
```
gallbladder
103
```
The digestive system is composed of the:
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus
salivary glands
liver
gallbladder
_
```
pancreas
104
The lungs and larynx are examples of the _ system
respiratory
105
```
The respiratory system is composed of the:
_
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchial tubes
```
lungs
106
```
The respiratory system is composed of the:
lungs
_
larynx
trachea
bronchial tubes
```
pharynx
107
```
The respiratory system is composed of the:
lungs
pharynx
_
trachea
bronchial tubes
```
larynx
108
```
The respiratory system is composed of the:
lungs
pharynx
larynx
_
bronchial tubes
```
trachea
109
```
The respiratory system is composed of the:
lungs
pharynx
larynx
trachea
_
```
bronchial tubes
110
The _ system uses cells such as the B, and T.
lymphatic
111
```
The lymphatic system is composed of the:
_ _
spleen
thymus
lymph nodes
tonsils
B cells
T cells
```
lymphatic fluid and vessels
112
```
The lymphatic system is composed of the:
lymphatic fluid and vessels
_
thymus
lymph nodes
tonsils
B cells
T cells
```
spleen
113
```
The lymphatic system is composed of the:
lymphatic fluid and vessels
spleen
_
lymph nodes
tonsils
B cells
T cells
```
thymus
114
```
The lymphatic system is composed of the:
lymphatic fluid and vessels
spleen
thymus
_
tonsils
B cells
T cells
```
lymph nodes
115
```
The lymphatic system is composed of the:
lymphatic fluid and vessels
spleen
thymus
lymph nodes
_
B cells
T cells
```
tonsils
116
```
The lymphatic system is composed of the:
lymphatic fluid and vessels
spleen
thymus
lymph nodes
tonsils
_
T cells
```
B cells
117
```
The lymphatic system is composed of the:
lymphatic fluid and vessels
spleen
thymus
lymph nodes
tonsils
B cells
_
```
T cells
118
The blood and heart are a part of the _ system
cardiovascular
119
The cardiovascular system is composed of the:
_
heart
blood vessels
blood
120
The cardiovascular system is composed of the:
blood
_
blood vessels
heart
121
The cardiovascular system is composed of the:
blood
heart
_
blood vessels
122
The pineal and pituitary glands are a part of the _ system
endocrine
123
The endocrine system is composed of the:
| hormone-producing glands, and _
hormone-producing cells
124
```
The hormone-producing glands of the endocrine system are the:
_
hypothalamus
pituitary
thymus
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
pancreas
ovaries/testes
```
pineal
125
```
The hormone-producing glands of the endocrine system are the:
pineal
_
pituitary
thymus
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
pancreas
ovaries/testes
```
hypothalamus
126
```
The hormone-producing glands of the endocrine system are the:
pineal
hypothalamus
_
thymus
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
pancreas
ovaries/testes
```
pituitary
127
```
The hormone-producing glands of the endocrine system are the:
pineal
hypothalamus
pituitary
_
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
pancreas
ovaries/testes
```
thymus
128
```
The hormone-producing glands of the endocrine system are the:
pineal
hypothalamus
pituitary
thymus
_
parathyroid
adrenal
pancreas
ovaries/testes
```
thyroid
129
```
The hormone-producing glands of the endocrine system are the:
pineal
hypothalamus
pituitary
thymus
thyroid
_
adrenal
pancreas
ovaries/testes
```
parathyroid
130
```
The hormone-producing glands of the endocrine system are the:
pineal
hypothalamus
pituitary
thymus
thyroid
parathyroid
_
pancreas
ovaries/testes
```
adrenal
131
```
The hormone-producing glands of the endocrine system are the:
pineal
hypothalamus
pituitary
thymus
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
_
ovaries/testes
```
pancreas
132
```
The hormone-producing glands of the endocrine system are the:
pineal
hypothalamus
pituitary
thymus
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
pancreas
_
```
ovaries or testes
133
The nerves and sense organs are a part of the _ system
nervous
134
```
the nervous system is composed of the:
_
spinal cord
nerves
sense organs
```
brain
135
```
the nervous system is composed of the:
brain
_
nerves
sense organs
```
spinal cord
136
```
the nervous system is composed of the:
brain
spinal cord
_
sense organs
```
nerves
137
```
the nervous system is composed of the:
brain
spinal cord
nerves
_
```
sense organs (i.e., eyes, ears, nose)
138
Skeletal muscle is a part of the _ system
muscle
139
Bones and joints are a part of the _ system
skeletal
140
The skeletal system is composed of the:
_
joints
cartilages
bones
141
The skeletal system is composed of the:
bones
_
cartilages
joints
142
The skeletal system is composed of the:
bones
joints
_
cartilages
143
The skin and hair are a part of the _ system
integumentary
144
```
The integumentary system is composed of the:
_
hair
fingernails and toenails
sweat glands
oil glands
```
skin
145
```
The integumentary system is composed of the:
skin
_
fingernails and toenails
sweat glands
oil glands
```
hair
146
```
The integumentary system is composed of the:
skin
hair
_
sweat glands
oil glands
```
fingernails and toenails
147
```
The integumentary system is composed of the:
skin
hair
fingernails and toenails
_
oil glands
```
sweat glands
148
```
The integumentary system is composed of the:
skin
hair
fingernails and toenails
sweat glands
_
```
oil glands
149
The chemical system are composed of the structural components of _
cells
150
Combined moleculars make this system: _
cellular
151
_ are the tiniest living units in the human body
cells
152
Groups of cells and materials around them perform as _
tissue
153
Tissue that cover body surfaces, lines them, and forms glands is _ tissue
epithelial
154
Tissue that contracts to move and create heat is _ tissue
muscular
155
Tissue that provides information through nerve pulses is _ tissue
nervous
156
Tissue that supports, protects, and brings together tissues whil distributing blood vessels is _ tissue
connective
157
Structures composed of 2+ tissues that serve as gross anatomy (i.e., form visible and recognizable shapes) are _
organs
158
Related organs that combine to form a particular function is a _
body system
159
T/F: Organs can occur in multiple systems
true
160
The pancreas is an example of an organ that exists in multiple _
body systems (i.e., digestive and endocrine)
161
The field studying the functional properties of nerve cells, which act as the body's control centre, is:
neurophysiology
162
The use of hormones, the chemical regulators in the blood), and how they control body functions (i.e., serve as effectors) is the field of _
endocrinology
163
Studying the body's defenses against disease-causing agents (protective function of the life process that impacts the functionality of other systems) is:
immunology
164
The release of oxytocin to increase the dilation of a cervix during childbirth is a form of a ___ system
positive feedback response
165
The process of blood coagulation is a ___ response, in order to reduce blood loss
positive feedback
166
Immunology is the type of cell system that protects against unwanted pathogens in the body. It relates to another part of the body, such as...
the respiratory system's use of macrophages to reduce tissue inflammation in the lungs when exposed to COVID
