L10

Question 1

When glottis is closed how can subglottal air pressure be increased?

Answer 1

Reduce thoracic cavity volume by activating exhalation muscles

Question 2

Intraoral pressure refers to pressure in the ___ ______, especially behind ____________ ____.

Answer 2

Oral cavity; constriction point

Question 3

What is the fairly ______ driving pressure we strive for during speech?

Answer 3

Constant; 8-10 cm H20

Question 4

What are the two types of breathing?

Answer 4

1) quiet

2) speech

Question 5

What are the two phases of breath?

Answer 5

1) inspiratory

2) expiratory

Question 6

During speech breathing the inspiratory phase is more ____, and especially during _____ speech. We ‘refill’ at ____________ boundaries.

Answer 6

Abrupt; rapid/faster; grammatical

Question 7

During the inspiratory phase of speech breather how much volume do we take in/use?

Answer 7

60% of VC, and more than that for loud speech

Question 8

During speech breathing the expiratory phase is ________ because:

Answer 8

Longer; we exhale while producing speech

Question 9

What is the equation for Ohm’s Law?

Answer 9

I = E/R

Question 10

In Ohm’s Law, what do I, E, and R stand for?

Answer 10

I - current (amps)
E - applied voltage (volts)
R - resistance (ohms)

Question 11

What is the equation for the aerodynamic equivalent of Ohm’s law?

Answer 11

V = (change in)P/R

Question 12

In the aerodynamic version of Ohm’s law what do V, (change in)P, and R stand for?

Answer 12

V - volume rate of airflow (ml/sec)
(Change in)P - pressure drop (cmH20)
R - resistance (cmH20sec/ml)

Question 13

Volume rate of airflow (V) is analogous to:

Answer 13

Current (I)

Question 14

Pressure drop (P) is analogous to:

Answer 14

Applied voltage (E)

Question 15

Resistance (R) is a analogous to:

Answer 15

Resistance (R)

Question 16

In a series circuit, I is _______, meaning it doesn’t _____.

Answer 16

Constant; split

Question 17

To find current in an series circuit what do you do?

Answer 17

1) Add each individual R To get total R

2) Divide E by total R to find the current

Question 18

In a series circuit to find voltage drop for individual registers what do you do?

Answer 18

Multiply I (current) by the R (resistance) of that register

Question 19

In a parallel circuit the ________ does not stay constant, it _____, but the _________ does stay constant

Answer 19

Current; splits; voltage

Question 20

If you have a parallel circuit and one resistor measure 5 ohms and the other measure 25 ohms, which will have a larger current?

Answer 20

The one with 5 ohms because the resistance is smaller

Question 21

How do you calculate current (I) in a parallel circuit?

Answer 21

1) add the reciprocals of each individual resistors resistance to find Req (the reciprocal of the total reistance)
2) divide the voltage by the Req to find current

Question 22

In a parallel circuit the _______ ____ is the same across each resistor.

Answer 22

Voltage drop

Question 23

In a series circuit what is the equation to find Rt?

Answer 23

R1 + R2 + … = Rt

Question 24

In a parallel circuit what is the equation to find Rt?

Answer 24

1/R1 + 1/R2 + … = 1/Rt
OR
Rt = (R1 * R2)/(R1 + R2)

Question 25

What are the 4 categories that can be measured in respiratory analysis?

Answer 25

1) air pressure 2) air flow 3) lung volume 4) chest wall and abdominal movement

Question 26

What device measures air pressure?

Answer 26

U-tube manometer

Question 27

What device measure air flow?

Answer 27

Pneumotacometer

Question 28

What 2 devices measure lung volume?

Answer 28

1) spirometer | 2) body plethysmograph

Question 29

What device measures chest wall and abdominal movement?

Answer 29

Magnetometers

Question 30

A u-tube water manometer measures ___ _______ in units of __ of ____ (_____) directly from the ______ on the device

Answer 30

Air pressure; cm of water (cmH20); gauges

Question 31

What are the advantages of a u-tube water manometer?

Answer 31

Provides useful data for basic respiratory function

Question 32

What are the disadvantages of a u-tube water manometer?

Answer 32

Can’t use during speech/not useful for pressure measures during speech

Question 33

A pneumotachograph works by using a ____ or ___ inserted in the _____ delivered to a ____ which contains a screen which provides a known ______ and pressure drop across the screen is measured by a _________ _______ _______.

Answer 33

Mask or tube; nostril; tube; resistance; differential pressure transducer

Question 34

Air flow can be calculated by this equation:

Answer 34

V = change in P / R

Question 35

A body plethysmograph can be used to measure _______ changes during _____

Answer 35

Volume; speech

Question 36

In a body plethysmograph the subject is seating within a ______ ___ and any changes in _____ or _______ volumes are reflected in the volume changes _______ the ___

Answer 36

Sealed box; thoracic or abdominal; within the box

Question 37

A body plethysmograph can be attached to a _________ for _____ output

Answer 37

Transducer; graphic

Question 38

What is an advantage of a body plethysmograph?

Answer 38

Can be used during speech

Question 39

What is a disadvantage of a body plethysmograph?

Answer 39

Large, expensive, awkward

Question 40

How does a body plethysmograph work?

Answer 40

When someone breather in, their lung volume increases, so chamber volume fear eases and chamber pressure increases

Question 41

A _______ is a common instrument for measuring air volumes

Answer 41

Spirometer

Question 42

A spirometer is considered as the ‘______’ instrument for evaluation of respiratory volumes

Answer 42

Classic

Question 43

One type of spirometer is a ___ spirometer, which has a ___-collecting “bell” inverted in a vessel of _____, and exhaling into the bell causes it to _____ and the height of the bell is _____ _________ to the amount of ___ in it

Answer 43

Wet; air; water; rise; directly proportional; air

Question 44

What are two advantages of a spirometer?

Answer 44

1) It is simple and widely used | 2) gross respiratory volumes

Question 45

What is the disadvantage of a spirometer?

Answer 45

Inappropriate for speech

Question 46

What is the electromagnetic device that measure chest/abdominal wall motion/displacement?

Answer 46

Magnetometer

Question 47

A pressure wire coil is also known a:

Answer 47

Solanoid

Question 48

What are the three parts of magnetometers?

Answer 48

1) transmitter (generator) 2) receiver (sensor) 3) wire coils

Question 49

An _____________ _______ is induced between the two ____ ____

Answer 49

Electromagnetic field; wire coil

Question 50

The strength of electromagnetic field is _________ proportional to the ________ between the wire coils

Answer 50

Inversely; distance

Question 51

When a person wearing a magnetometer inhales the distance becomes ______ so the voltage becomes ______, and when they exhale the distance becomes ________ so the voltage becomes ________

Answer 51

Farther; lower; closer; higher