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L2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Anatomists and physiologists may study various units of the ____ including ____, ______, _____, and ________.

A

body; cells; tissues; organs; systems

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2
Q

What is the smallest unit of living matter?

A

cell

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3
Q

What is a group of cells with a common function?

A

tissue

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4
Q

What is the branch of anatomy that deals with the microscopic structure of tissue?

A

histology

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5
Q

Basic types of tissues are called:

A

elementary tissues

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6
Q

The body is made soley of these 4 types of tissues:

A
  1. connective tissue
  2. muscle tissue
  3. nerve tissue
  4. epithelial tissue
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7
Q

Which type of tissue is resposible for connecting/binding things together?

A

connective tissue

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8
Q

Which type of tissue is responsible for making muscles?

A

muscle tissue

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9
Q

Which type of tissue is important for impulses/nerve activation?

A

nerve tissue

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10
Q

Which type of tissue makes up surface covering layers?

A

epithelial tissue

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11
Q

What is vascular tissue and which category of basic tissues does it fall under?

A

fluid tissues (like blood and lymph); connective tissue

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12
Q

What are two or more tissues with common function called?

A

organ

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13
Q

What is it called when two or more organs combine in such a manner as to exhibit functional unity?

A

system

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14
Q

How many systems are there in the body?

A

11

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15
Q

Which six systems are most important for speech?

A
  1. skeletal system
  2. articular system
  3. muscular system
  4. nervous system
  5. respiratory system
  6. integumentary system
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16
Q

Which system is composed of bones and their related cartilages?

A

skeletal system

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17
Q

Which system is composed of the joints and ligaments?

A

articular system

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18
Q

Which system forms the fleshy parts of the body and produces movement and locomotion?

A

muscular system

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19
Q

Which system is composed of the brain, spinal cord, and all associated nerves, gangalia, nuclei, and sense organs?

A

nervous system

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20
Q

Which system is is compossed of the air passageways and the lungs?

A

respiratory system

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21
Q

Which system includes the skin, nails, and hair?

A

integumentary system

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22
Q

What are the two types of connective tissue?

A

1) soft connective tissue

2) rigid connective tissue

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23
Q

What are the two important components of soft tissue?

A

1) collagen

2) elastin

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24
Q

Collagen is ______ but more _____ than elastin; while elastin is more _______ and less _______.

A

pliable; rigid; elastic; rigid

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25
What are the two types of soft connective tissue?
1) loose | 2) dense
26
What are the two types of loose connective tissue?
1) areolar | 2) adipose
27
Which type of loose connective tissue is the more delicate fibrous tissue found just beneath the skin?
areolar
28
Which type of loose connective tissue is fat?
adipose
29
What are the three types of dense connective tissue?
1) regular (organized) 2) irregular (unorganized) 3) lymphatic
30
Which type of dense connective tissue resists stretch longitudinally?
regular (organized)
31
Which type of dense connective tissue resists stretch in all directions?
irregular (unorganized)
32
Which type of dense connective tissue includes the tonsils and adenoids?
lymphatic
33
What are the three types of regular (organized) dense connective tissue?
1) tendons 2) aponeuroses 3) ligaments
34
What is the role of the tendons?
connects muscles to other structures (muscle, bone, cartilage, etc.)
35
What do the aponeuroses do?
they are a sheath that groups several muscles together
36
What is the role of ligaments?
connects bone to cartilage combinations (bone to bone, bone to cartilage, cartilage to cartilage)
37
Dermis, periosteum, and fascia are all examples of ________ dense connective tissue.
irregular (unorganized)
38
What are the two types of rigid connective tissue?
1) cartilage | 2) bone
39
Developmentally, most of the skeleton is ______________ in fetus; early stages of __________ happens because of increased _________ deposits.
cartilaginous; ossification; calcium
40
What are the three types of cartilage?
1) hyaline 2) fibrous 3) elastic
41
Put the three types of cartilage in order from least to most rigid: A. fibrous B. hyaline C. elastic
1) elastic 2) fibrous 3) hyaline
42
What color is hyaline cartilage?
pearly blue
43
What color is fibrous cartilage?
white
44
What color is elastic cartilage?
opaque and yellow
45
What are 5 examples of where you can find hyaline cartilage?
1) costal 2) nasal septum 3) ribs 4) trachea 5) large larynx structrues (thyroid and criocoid cartilage)
46
What is 1 example of where you can find fibrous cartilage?
intervertebral discs of the spinal column
47
What are 3 examples of where you can find elastic cartilage?
1) ear 2) epiglottis 3) small larynx structures (aryteniod)
48
What is another name for bone?
ossesous tissue
49
What are the two parts of bone?
1) dense/compact | 2) spongy/cancellous
50
Where is the dense part of the bone?
exterior
51
Where is the spongy part of the bone?
interior
52
What is the longest bone in the body?
femur (thigh bone)
53
What is the smallest bone in the body?
stapes
54
What are the spicules of bone forming meshwork of cancellous bone?
trabeculae
55
What is the superficial covering of the teeth?
enamel
56
What is the hardest substance in the body?
enamel
57
What is the tough fibrous membrane covering bones, extending into tendons or ligaments?
periosteum
58
What is the tough fibrous membrane that covers cartilages?
perichondrium
59
What is the skeleton?
it is made of many different sizes and shapes of bone
60
How many bones are in the skeleton?
206
61
What are the two divisions of the skeleton?
1) axial skeleton | 2) appendicular skeleton
62
What is the axial skeleton comprised of?
trunk and head
63
What is the appendicular skeleton comprised of?
limbs and immediately attached structures
64
What are the 3 types of joints?
1) fibrous 2) cartilaginous 3) synovial
65
Which type of joint is immovable?
fibrous
66
Which type of joint is slightly movable?
cartilagenous
67
Which type of joint is freely moving?
synovial
68
Which joint is fibrous?
skull
69
Which two joints are cartilagenous?
1) intervertebral discs | 2) pubic bones
70
What does the pubic symphysis do?
Connects the two pubic bones
71
What are the six types of synovial joints?
1) ball and socket 2) saddle 3) condyloid 4) pivot 5) hinge 6) gliding
72
Which synovial joint has rotation (great motion in all directions, many axes of movement)?
ball and socket
73
Which synovial joint has all motion except rotation?
saddle
74
Which synovial joint has two types of motion at right angle and no rotation or twisting?
condyloid
75
Which synovial joint has rotation at long axis?
pivot
76
Which synovial joint has motion in only one plane?
hinge
77
Which synovial joint has sliding movement?
gliding
78
What are 2 examples of ball and socket joints?
1) hip | 2) shoulder
79
What is an example of a saddle joint?
thumb
80
What is an example of a condyloid joint?
wrist
81
What is an example of a pivot joint?
1st and 2nd vertebrae
82
What are 3 examples of hinge joints?
1) elbow 2) top finger 3) knee
83
What is an example of a gliding joint?
vertebral articular facets

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