L10 C Spine Foundations

Question 1

upper cspine levels

Answer 1

C1-2

Question 2

mid c/s levels

Answer 2

3-6

Question 3

CT junction levels

Answer 3

C7=T1

Question 4

function of uncinate process

Answer 4

restricts SB/posterior shear/linear translation
increase stability

Question 5

what vertebrae levels have uncinate processes

Answer 5

C3-7

Question 6

degree of inclination of cervical facets

Answer 6

start horizontal to eyes and increase to 45 degrees incline

Question 7

biomechanical motion coupling in neck is:

Answer 7

ipsilateral SB and rotation

Question 8

do nerve roots exit above or below their numbered vertebral segment in the c/s?

Answer 8

ABOVE
C4-5 bulge affects C5 nerve root

Question 9

how much of the foramen does the nerve root occupy?

Answer 9

25-33%

Question 10

4 parts of vertebral artery include:

Answer 10

1. proximal part: from subclavian, entering at C6
2. vertebral/transverse: ascending column
3. atlantoaxial: upper c/s
4. intercranial: entering brain stem

Question 11

red flag s/s of cervical myelopathy

Answer 11

sensory disturbance in hands
hand intrinsic muscle wasting
unsteady gait
hoffman’s reflex
hyperreflexia
bowel/bladder dysfunction
multisegment weakness/sensory changes

can be caused by osteophytes impinging space

Question 12

red flag s/s of neoplasm in c/s

Answer 12

hx of cancer
unexplained weight loss
constant pain even w rest
night pain
age 50+

Question 13

red flag s/s of upper cervical ligament instability

Answer 13

occipital headache
numbness
severe neck AROM limitation all directions
signs of cervical myelopathy

Question 14

red flag s/s of CAI

Answer 14

drop attacks
dizziness
dysphagia
dysarthria
diplopia
+ CN signs

Question 15

red flag s/s of systemic disease

Answer 15

fever
BP 160/95+
resting HR 100bpm+
resting breaths 25+
fatigue

Question 16

flexion AROM

Answer 16

45-57.5

Question 17

extension AROM

Answer 17

60-76.1

Question 18

L rotation AROM

Answer 18

63.4-71.7

Question 19

R rotation AROM

Answer 19

70.4-78

Question 20

L SB AROM

Answer 20

32.4-45.5

Question 21

R SB AROM

Answer 21

35.4-47.6

Question 22

what % of rotation in neck comes from upper cervical?

Answer 22

45%-60%
the rest distributed through the rest of the neck

Question 23

joint play of facets in flexion in neck

Answer 23

superior and anterior glide

Question 24

joint play of facets in extension in neck

Answer 24

inferior and posterior glide

Question 25

joint play of facets in rotation in neck

Answer 25

superior and anterior glide of superior on inferior facet of CL side inferior/posterior glide of sup on inf facet ipsilateral side

Question 26

what % of flexion/extension comes from upper c/s?

Answer 26

40%

Question 27

alar ligament

Answer 27

slack at midposition of neck taut when turning head to one direction, contralateral side will be taut, ipsilateral side slack limits flexion CL ligament limits SB

Question 28

shape of occipital condyles and c/s facets promotes what motion of the upper c/s?

Answer 28

downward and medial slope promotes OA extension

Question 29

jefferson fractire

Answer 29

fx of anterior arch of C1 near dens

Question 30

ligament wrapping around dens from C1

Answer 30

transverse ligament prevents forward translation of dens towards spinal cordw

Question 31

is coupling in upper c/s the same as lower c/s?

Answer 31

no SB and rotation are opposite

Question 32

scalenes attachments

Answer 32

anterior: C3-6 to 1st rib mid: C2-7 to 1st rib, lateral posterior: C5-6 to 2nd rib