L12- Tumour pathology Flashcards
1
Q
What is a neoplasm?
A
- An abnormal mass of tissue
- The growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissues
- Persists in the same excessive manner after cessation of stimuli
2
Q
What are the basic tumour components?
A
- Proliferating neoplastic cells that constitute the parenchyma
- Supportive stroma of connective tissue, blood vessels and lymphatics
3
Q
What is a papilloma?
A
Outgrowth on surface
4
Q
What are polyps?
A
Mass on a stalk, proliferation takes place, colour changes
5
Q
What is the suffix used to describe a benign tumour?
A
-oma
6
Q
What is the suffix used to describe benign tumours derived from glandular tissue?
A
-adenoma
7
Q
What is the word for tumours formed of multiple cells?
A
Teratoma
8
Q
What are malignant tumours referred to as?
A
Carcinomas
9
Q
What are cancers arising in mesenchymal tissue known as?
A
Sarcomas
10
Q
What do carcinomas and sarcomas spread by?
A
- Carcinomas normally by lymphatic system
* Sarcomas normally by blood stream (spread to lungs first)
11
Q
What are the mechanisms of cancer invasion?
A
- Physical invasion- growth of tumour mass
- Reduced adhesiveness and cohesiveness of tumour cells
- Increased motility of tumour cells
- Loss of contact inhibition (when cells stop proliferating when they touch eachother)
- Release of destructive enzymes to destroy surrounding stroma and fibroblasts
12
Q
What are the differences between malignant and benign neoplasms?
A
- Differentiation and anaplasia- malignant tumours are not well differentiated, cell sizes vary
- Rate of growth- malignant tumours grow rapidly
- Encapsulation- invasion
- Metastasis
