L4- Haematopathology Flashcards
1
Q
How are erythrocytes made?
A
- Nutrients such as iron, protein, hormones, folic acid
- Haemoglobin synthesis (haem and iron)
- Packaging- RBC formation
2
Q
How does haemoglobin synthesis occur?
A
- Iron and protorphyrin
* Haem and globin form haemoglobin
3
Q
What is anaemia?
A
Insufficient erythrocytes or haemoglobin
4
Q
How can RBC diseases be detected?
A
- RBC size and Hb content
- Mean corpuscular volume: measure of RBC cell volume (80-96FL)
- Mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) or mean cell haemoglobin (27-32pg)
5
Q
What happens in thalassaemia?
A
- Haemoglobin has an alpha and beta chain. The detective synthesis of these chains leads to imbalanced globin chain production.
- Causes precipitation of globin chains within the red cell, precursors and resulting in ineffective erythropoiesis.
6
Q
What is treatment for thalassaemia?
A
- Long term folic acid supplements
- Regular Hb transfusions
- Bone marrow transplantations
7
Q
What is the blood coagulation pathway?
A
- Hageman factor activated
- Plasma thromboplastin activated
- X activated
- Prothrombin converted to thrombin and Finbrinogen converted to fibrin
- Fibrin stabilising factor activated to form stable fibrin clot
8
Q
What is the purpose of coagulation?
A
- Essential for wound repair and healing to prevent blood loss
- Improper control of coagulation can lead to haemophilia or unnecessary blood clots
9
Q
How are leukocyte diseases classified?
A
- Lymphoma- in lymph node
- Lymphoid- in bone marrow
- Myeloid- in bone marrow
10
Q
What are symptoms of leukaemia?
A
- Anaemia
- Thrombocytopaenia
- Low immunity
