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Anatomy Exam 2 > L14: Thoracic Osteology & Wall Structure > Flashcards

L14: Thoracic Osteology & Wall Structure Flashcards

(103 cards)

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1
Q

components of thoracic cage

A
  1. 12 vertebrae
  2. 12 pairs of ribs and cartilage
  3. sternum
  4. intercostal muscles
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2
Q

superior boundary of thoracic cage

A
  1. 1st TV
  2. 1st rib pair and cartilage
  3. manubrium
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3
Q

inferior boundary of thoracic cage

A
  1. 12th TV
  2. 12th rib pair and cartilage
  3. xiphisternal jt
  4. larger opening than superior
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4
Q

boundaries of thoracic cage are also called

A

outlets

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5
Q

_______ is not apart of thoracic cavity

A

xiphoid process

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6
Q

manubrium features

A
  1. sup. jugular notch
  2. concave clavicle surfaces
  3. concave surfaces for 1st rib
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7
Q

angle of louis

A

sternal angle on manubrium where the sternal body articulates

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8
Q

manubriosternal joint

A

symphysis types

ossifies late in adulthood

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9
Q

body of sternum

A
  1. made of 4 fused Sternebrae
  2. ossifies in 3rd trimester
  3. fused into 1 bone as young adult
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10
Q

xiphoid process marks the level of _____ .

A

dermatome 6

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11
Q

types of ribs

A
  1. vertebrosternal ribs
  2. vertebrochondral ribs
  3. vertebral ribs (floating)
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12
Q

ribs 1-7

A

vertebrosternal ribs

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13
Q

ribs 8-10

A

vertebrochondral ribs

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14
Q

ribs 11-12

A

vertebral or floating ribs

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15
Q

parts of ribs

A
  1. head
  2. neck
  3. tubercle
  4. shaft
  5. costocartilage
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16
Q

head of rib

A
  1. attaches between 2 vertebrae

2. bony crest

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17
Q

neck of rib

A

narrow portion between head and tubercle

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18
Q

tubercle of rib

A

articulates w/ transverse process of vertebra w/ same number

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19
Q

shaft of rib

A

sternal extremity
angle - curved
costal groove
downward slope

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20
Q

costal groove of rib shafts

A

contains superior to inferior

  1. intercostal vein
  2. intercostal art.
  3. intercostal nerve
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21
Q

costal cartilage of ribs

A

takes an upward slope

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22
Q

the _____ end of each rib lies at a lower level than the ____ end.

A

sternal end

vertebral end

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23
Q

which rib only has one facet of attachment

A

the 1st rib

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24
Q

which rib attaches to TV 1

A

ribs 1 and 2

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25
scalene tubercle of 1st rib
separates areas when the subclavian vein and artery cross the groove (art is med.)
26
the first rib is important because?
of its relation to nerves of brachial plexus and subclavian vessels
27
the first rib is flattened in a _____ plane.
horizontal/transverse whilst other ribs are vertical
28
scalene tubercle
insertion of scalenus anterior muscle
29
thoracic vertebra centrum
1. heart shaped | 2. notched on left side for descending aorta
30
intervertebral discs make up _____ the total _____.
1/4 total length of thoracic vertebral region
31
there are ____ and ______ costal demifacets on typical vertebrae 2-9
sup and inferior
32
____ spinous process is most prominent
T1
33
atypical T1
superior costal facet not a demifacet
34
atypical T10
one pair of costal facets located partly on body and partly on pedicle
35
atypical T11 and T12
one pair of costal facets located on pedicles
36
vertebra prominens
C7 | first spinous process to be palpated
37
rib heads articulate w/
1. demifacets on same TV # 2. vertebra above (costal facet) 3. intervertebral disc between
38
tubercles articulate w/
transverse process of same # vertebra
39
jugular notch
root of the neck
40
sternal angle
marks rib 2 | lies at level of T4-5 IV disc
41
apex heart beat
- -5th intercostal space - -along midclavicular line - -8.5 cm from midline
42
aortic valve heart sound
--can be heard at 2nd intercostal space on right side
43
pulmonary valve heart sound
--heard at 2nd intercostal space on left side
44
tricuspid valve
--5th intercostal space on right side
45
bicuspid valve heart sound
- -5th intercostal space | - -10cm to left of midline
46
bifurcation of the trachea
--between sternal angle and T4/5 vertebral level
47
posterior thorax: scapula
1. spin at level of 3rd rib/ T2 | 2. inferior angle at 7th rib/T7 or T9 body
48
costal margin
- -sup. part is marked by 7th cartilage | - -inf. part by 10th cartilage
49
infrasternal angle
- -important in cpr - -between infrasternal fossa - -level of body T9
50
vertical line running thru the inferior angle of the scapula
scapular line
51
projects downward from ant. axillary fold
ant. axillary line and formed by lower border of pec M
52
projects downward from post. axillary fold
post. axillary line formed by tendon of lats
53
line between ant/post axillary lines
midaxillary line
54
cutaneous innervation C3-4
clavicular and scapular regions of upper thorax
55
cutaneous innervation T1-5
upper thorax
56
cutaneous innervation T7-12
- -lower thorax | - -lat/ant. abdominal wall
57
C5-T1 cutaneous innervation
upper extremity
58
medial and lateral pectoral nerves are named for ?
where they come off brachial plexus not for where they innervate
59
Pectoralis major innervation
lat and med pectoral nerves
60
Pectoralis minor innervation
medial pectoral nerve
61
subclavian innervation
subclavius nerve C5-6
62
blood supply to serratus anterior
superior thoracic a. | lat. thoracic a.
63
the pectoral region is supplied by which artery
axillary artery
64
muscle layers
1. external intercostals 2. internal intercostals 3. innermost intercostals 4. transversus thoracis
65
external intercostals
1. extend from vertebrae post. to junction of ribs and intercostal cartilage 2. deep fascia continues to sternum and forms the external intercostal membrane 3. fiber directions is inferiorly and anteriorly
66
internal intercostals
1. begin at lat. edge of sternum - extend to vertebral column 2. deep fascia extends to vertebrae as internal intercostal memb. 3. fiber direction is inferiorly and posteriorly
67
innermost intercostals
1. incomplete layers w/ fibers arranged in a more horizontal direction
68
transversus thoracis
4 or 5 slips that originate from the inf. sternum and extend sup. lat. to internal surface of upper ribs
69
external vs. internal intercostal fiber directions
hands in front pocket down and toward midline diagonal opposite hands in back pocket
70
contents of intercostal space are protected by ?
a groove on the inferior border of each rib
71
contents of intercostal space
VAN intercostal vein intercostal art. (ant/post) intercostal nerve
72
posterior intercostal arteries
1. 1-2 arise from Costocervical trunk 2. 3-12 segmented branches from descending aorta post. intercostal arteries give off lat. cutaneous branches
73
anterior intercostal arteries
1. branches of internal thoracic arteries | 2. give off ant. cutaneous branches
74
intercostal nerve
1. each derived from ventral ramus of spinal nerve 2. twelve pairs 3. 12th pair lies inferior to rib 12 = called subcostal nerve 4. give lat. and ant. cutaneous branches
75
1st intercostal nerve
- -joints brachial plexus | - -has no ant. cutaneous branch
76
2nd intercostal nerve
--lat. cutaneous branch supplies floor of axilla
77
subcostal nerve
=12th intercostal nerve the lat. branch supplies skin over gluteal
78
human breasts
- -cutaneous bilateral glandular structures - -found in both genders - -females have modified sweat glands = mammary glands
79
breast location
extends from superior 2-3 rib to 6-7 costal cartilage inferiorly
80
width of breast location
extends from lateral border of sternum to ant. axillary fold
81
retromammary space
potential space between breast and pectoral fascia
82
sinus mammarumis
the space between the 2 glands
83
innervation of breasts/mammary glands
intercostal nerves 4-6
84
mammary gland attaches to ____ via _______
dermis of skin via suspensory lig. = cooper's lig.
85
_____ lobes separated by _____.
15-20 lobes fibrous septae
86
_____ lactiferous ducts converge on nipple, which is surround by ______ .
15-20 pigmented areola 1 duct per lobe
87
lactiferous sinus
a dilation at the end of each duct as it enters the nipple
88
connective tissue layer surround the entire mammary gland
fibrous tela subcutanea
89
adipose tissue deep to fibrous layer in breasts
fatty tela subcutanea
90
suspensory ligament of cooper
bundles of collagen fibers in dermis and hypodermis
91
arterial supply to breast
1. ant. perforating arteries 2. medial mammary rami 3. lat. mammary art. 4. lat. mammary rami
92
ant. perforating arteries of breast
from internal thoracic art. to medial part of gland
93
medial mammary rami
from 2-4th ant. perforating arteries to deep medial part of gland
94
lateral mammary artery
from lateral thoracic art. to inferior part of gland
95
lateral mammary rami
from lat. cutaneous branches of intercostal arteries to lateral part of gland
96
venous drainage from breast
mainly to axillary vein via lat. thoracic veins and med. mammary veins some drainage to internal thoracic vein via ant. intercostal veins
97
list hierarchy of lymph drainage of breast
1. perilobular and interlobular lymphatic vessels 2. subareolar plexus 3. lat. lymphatic trunk and med. 4. pectoral group of lymph nodes (part of axillary nodes) 5. subclavian lymphatic channels
98
subareolar plexus
--drains perilobular/interlobular lymphatic vessels into the lat. lymphatic trunk from lat. and sup. gland into med. lymphatic trunk from med. and inf. gland
99
subareolar lymph node
nipple, areola, lactiferous lobules
100
receives 75% of lymph from breast
axillary lymph nodes remaining lymph to parasternal/abdominal nodes
101
innervation of breast tissue
1. lat. mammary nerve T2-6 2. intercostal nerves 3. med. mammary nerve T2-6 4. supraclavicular nerves
102
polymastia
extra breasts
103
polythelia
extra nipples

Anatomy Exam 2 (9 decks)

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