L19: Pharynx & Larynx

Question 1

pharynx overview

Answer 1

extends btwn rami of mandible and base of cranium

3 divisions

muscles of mastication pass on either side

in contact w/ prevertebral fascia on posterior side

Question 2

divisions of the pharynx

Answer 2

1. nasopharynx
   opens to nasal cavity
2. oropharynx
   opens into oral cavity
3. hypopharynx
   continuation into larynx and esophagus

Question 3

nasopharynx

Answer 3

floor = soft palate

post and sup relations =
atlas and basilar occipital bone

auditory tubes open in lat wall

salpingopharyngeus muscle
tonsils

Question 4

salpingopharyngeus muscle

Answer 4

originates from end of auditory tube

raises pharynx during swallowing

covered by salpingopharyngeal fold

Question 5

pharyngeal tonsils

Answer 5

aka - adenoids

embedded in post wall of nasopharynx

Question 6

oropharynx

Answer 6

faucial pillars

• -palatoglossus muscle
• -palatopharyngeus muscle

tonsillar fossae

• -contain palatine tonsils
• -represents 2nd pharyngeal pouch

Question 7

tonsils – arterial supply

Answer 7

tonsillar branches from:
maxillary art
facial art
lingual art

Question 8

tonsils - Waldeyer’s ring

Answer 8

ring of lymphoid tissue around pharynx
includes:
pharyngeal tonsils
palatine tonsils
tubal tonsils
lingual tonsils

Question 9

pharyngeal musculature consists of 3 ________ and 3 _________ .

Answer 9

3 overlapping constrictors

3 diagonal muscles

used in swallowing

Question 10

superior constrictor

Answer 10

attached to:
pterygoid plate
alveolar processes
pharyngeal tubercle

superior edge is free creating narrow space for passage of auditory tube

Question 11

middle constrictor

Answer 11

passes post to phargeal raphe

separated from sup constrictor by a gap
--providing passage for:
stylopharyngeus muscle
pharyngeal branch CN IX
tonsillar branch of facial art

Question 12

inferior constrictor

Answer 12

inserts on pharyngeal raphe

cricopharyngus portion of muscle functions as sphincter at sup end of esophagus

Question 13

palatopharyngeus muscle

Answer 13

arises from palate and inserts on pharyngeal muscles

functions as sphincter btwn oral cavity and pharynx

helps w/ swallowing

innervated by CN X

Question 14

salpingopharyngeus muscle

Answer 14

originates from torus tubarius

inserts on midpharynx muscles

raises pharynx and larynx during swallowing

innervated by CN X

Question 15

stylopharyngeus muscle

Answer 15

origin - styloid process

pass btwn sup/mid constrictors

insert - pharynx muscles, thyroid cartilage

raise pharynx in swallowing

innervated by CN IX

Question 16

CN IX

Answer 16

glossopharyngeal n

exits skull via jugular foramen

enters pharynx btwn sup/mid constrictors

supplies stylopharyngeus muscle

Question 17

CN X

Answer 17

vagus n

supplies all pharyngeal muscle except stylo

Question 18

blood supply of pharynx

Answer 18

ascending pharyngeal artery

Question 19

larynx overview

Answer 19

formed by a rigid framework of bones, cartilage, and ligaments

4 unpaired structures
3 paired cartilages

function:
compound sphincter
–closes airway during swallowing
–constricts airway for speech

Question 20

unpaired structures of larynx

Answer 20

hyoid bone
thyroid cart
cricoid cart
epiglottis

Question 21

paired cartilages of larynx

Answer 21

arytenoid
corniculate
cuneiform

Question 22

hyoid bone

Answer 22

U shaped

• -median body
• -greater cornua = horns
• -lesser cornua

attachment site for numerous muscles

Question 23

epiglottis

Answer 23

spoon shaped structure

attached to hyoid via hyoepiglottic lig

attached to thyroid cart via
thyroepiglottic lig

Question 24

epiglottis innervation

Answer 24

glossopharyngeal n
–sensation from upper surface of epiglottis

upper laryngeal n CN X

• –taste buds of epiglottis
• –sensation from lower epiglottis

Question 25

boundaries of piriform recess

Answer 25

lat boundary thyrohyoid memb thyroid cartilage med boundary aryepiglottic fold --site of choking

Question 26

aryepiglottic fold

Answer 26

btwn arytenoid and cricoid cartilages

Question 27

cricoid cartilage lies at level of _______ vertebra # __ .

Answer 27

cervical vertebra 6

Question 28

attachment for vocal chords in larynx

Answer 28

arytenoids

Question 29

laryngeal cavity and folds

Answer 29

characterized by sup/inf pairs of folds ``` vestibule vestibular folds ventricular folds rima glottides infraglottic cavity ```

Question 30

vestibule

Answer 30

lies btwn vestibular folds

Question 31

vestibular folds

Answer 31

false vocal cords rima vestibuli ---space btwn vestibular folds

Question 32

ventricular folds

Answer 32

true vocal cords | vocal ligaments

Question 33

rima glottidis

Answer 33

space btwn vocal cords narrowest part of larynx opens/closes to regulate passage of air

Question 34

infraglottic cavity

Answer 34

lies btwn ventricular folds and lower border of cricoid cartilage

Question 35

innervation of larynx

Answer 35

external laryngeal branch ---to cricothyroid muscle inf laryngeal branch - --all other muscles of larynx - --sensory to mucosa below vocal cords internal laryngeal branch - --sensory to mucosa above - --sensory to piriform recess

Question 36

blood supply of larynx

Answer 36

sup laryngeal artery --from sup thyroid art inf laryngeal artery --branch of inf thyroid artery