L18: Neck & Cervical Plexus

Question 1

unique features of the neck

Answer 1

1. atlas and axis
2. cervical segments are the only ones w/ branchial-motor outflow only
   - -via CN XI

Question 2

similarities between trunk and neck

Answer 2

1. have vertebrae
2. have mixed spinal n’s
3. have separate epaxial and hypaxial muscles

Question 3

smooth muscles of trunk gut are derived from ?

Answer 3

unsegmented mesoderm

Question 4

gut tube in neck is surrounded by ?

Answer 4

striated branchial arch muscles

• -muscles of pharynx and larynx
• -derived from post pharyngeal arches

Question 5

superficial striated muscles of the neck form ?

Answer 5

an incomplete layer

–trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

–derived from gill arch levators

Question 6

unlike the trunk, the neck lacks ?

Answer 6

a coelom

Question 7

hypaxial muscles in the neck are innervated by ?

Answer 7

ventral rami of spinal nerves

just like the other hypaxial muscles of the body

Question 8

list the groups of neck hypaxial muscles

Answer 8

1. rectus cervices series
2. geniohyoid
3. scalene muscles
4. levator scapulae
5. pre-vertebral muscles

Question 9

rectus cervices series

Answer 9

deep

• -sternothyroid
• -thyrohyoid

superficial

• -sternohyoid
• -omohyoid

all together make up the infrahyoid muscles
–name tells you the attachments–

Question 10

what muscle forms incomplete floor of the mouth ?

Answer 10

geniohyoid

genio = chin, omo = shldr

Question 11

scalene muscles – including attachments

Answer 11

1. ant scalene
   trans process C3-6 to 1st rib
2. mid scalene
   trans process C5-7 to 1st rib
3. post scalene
   trans proc C5-7 to 2nd rib

Question 12

levator scapulae – including attachments

Answer 12

separate portion of serratus muscle

upper cervical trans processes (3 or 4)
to
upper medial corner of scapula

Question 13

what is special about pre-vertebral muscles of the neck?

Answer 13

no equivalents elsewhere in the body

Question 14

pre-vertebral muscles

Answer 14

1. lat and ant intertransversarri
   - -rectus capitis lateralis
   - -rectus capitis ant
2. longer prevertebral muscles
   - -longus capitis
   - -longus colli

Question 15

prevertebral fascia

Answer 15

covers muscular floor
which consists of:
1. splenius capitis
2. levator scapulae
3. scalene muscles
4. omohyoid

Question 16

borders of the anterior triangle of the neck

Answer 16

superior – mandible

posterior – sternocleidomastoid
(which is also the ant border of ?)

anterior – midline of neck

Question 17

subdivisions of the anterior triangle of the neck ?

Answer 17

1. muscular triangle
2. submandibular triangle
3. carotid triangle

Question 18

list the contents of the muscular triangle

Answer 18

1. digastric
2. stylohoid
3. mylohyoid
4. geniohyoid
5. sternohyoid
6. thyrohyoid
7. omohyoid
8. sternothyroid

Question 19

digastric - characteristics

Answer 19

made up of 2 bellies

innervated by 2 dif CNs based upon embryo origin from 2 dif pharyngeal arches I and II

Question 20

digastric – anterior belly

Answer 20

digastric fossa of mandible
to
post belly via intermediate tendon of hyoid bone

elevate hyoid and tongue
open mouth
depress mandible

mylohyoid nerve CN V3

Question 21

digastric – posterior belly

Answer 21

mastoid notch of temporal
to
ant belly via inter tendon

elevate hyoid and tongue
open mouth
depress mandible
(same as ant belly)

mylohyoid nerve CN VII

Question 22

stylohyoid

Answer 22

styloid process of temporal
body of hyoid

elevate n retract hyoid

mylohyoid n CN VII

Question 23

mylohyoid

Answer 23

mylohyoid line of mandible
raphe/body of hyoid

elevate hyoid

mylohyoid n CN V3

Question 24

geniohyoid

Answer 24

inf mental spine of mandible
body of hyoid

elevate hyoid

hypoglossal n

Question 25

sternohyoid

Answer 25

manubrium hyoid depress hyoid and larynx ansa cervicalis

Question 26

sternothyroid

Answer 26

manubrium thyroid cart depress hyoid and larynx ansa cervicalis

Question 27

thyrohyoid

Answer 27

thyroid cartilage body/greater horn hyoid depress hyoid elevate larynx hypoglossal n

Question 28

omohyoid consists of ?

Answer 28

2 bellies connected via intermediate tendon of hyoid --which passes thru a clavicular sling

Question 29

omohyoid

Answer 29

sup belly: hyoid body inf belly: upper scapula to interm T (attached to clavicle and 1st rib) depress hyoid ansa cervicalis

Question 30

compare the innervations of the contents of muscular triangle

Answer 30

mylohyoid n CN V3 - -ant belly digastric - -mylohyoid mylohyoid n CN VII - -post belly digastric - -stylohyoid hypoglossal n - -geniohyoid - -thyrohyoid ansa cervicalis - -sternohyoid - -sternothyroid - -omohyoid

Question 31

common carotid below the larynx

Answer 31

does not give off any branches below larynx lower neck is supplied by subclavian artery branches

Question 32

branches of the subclavian artery

Answer 32

vertebral a internal thoracic a Costocervical trunk thyrocervical trunk

Question 33

blood monitors near the point of bifurcation of the common carotid

Answer 33

carotid sinus - -dilated terminal portion of common carotid - -baroreceptor carotid body --chemoreceptor

Question 34

the internal carotid has ____ branches in the neck

Answer 34

no branches

Question 35

trace the common carotid path

Answer 35

runs from front of trachea toward dorsal body wall travels w/in the carotid sheath

Question 36

contents of the carotid sheath

Answer 36

carotid artery internal jugular vein part of vagus n

Question 37

_______ carotid artery has 3 main branches that enter the neck. list them & the other branches of the artery

Answer 37

external carotid a 1. sup thyroid -- lowest 2. ascending pharyngeal --medial 3. occipital -- post - -lingual - -fascial - -post auricular - -superf temporal - -maxillary

Question 38

what branches of the external carotid are ant/post/terminal?

Answer 38

anterior - -sup thyroid - -facial - -lingual posterior - -occipital - -post auricular terminal - -supf temporal - -maxillary

Question 39

the lingual artery is crossed by ?

Answer 39

hypoglossal nerve at its origin

Question 40

characteristics of the cervical plexus

Answer 40

from ventral rami C1-4 runs partly w/ hypoglossal n CNXII 4 sensory and 8 motor branches

Question 41

list sensory branches of the cervical plexus

Answer 41

1. great auricular C2-3 2. lesser occipital c2 ventral (greater o dorsal c2) 3. transverse cervical c2-3 4. supraclavicular c3-4

Question 42

list motor branches of the cervical plexus

Answer 42

1. prevertebral muscles 2. levator scapulae 3. scalenes 4. ansa cervicalis 5. phrenic n 6. geniohyoid 7. thyrohyoid 8. sup and inf limbs

Question 43

motor branches to prevertebral muscles

Answer 43

rectus capitis ant and lat longus capitis and colli

Question 44

ansa cervicalis

Answer 44

supplies infrahyoid muscles except the thyrohyoid

Question 45

nerve to geniohyoid is C1 via ?

Answer 45

hypoglossal n

Question 46

cervical plexus branches to superior and inferior limbs

Answer 46

omohyoid sternothyroid sternohyoid

Question 47

trace the sympathetic trunk

Answer 47

--ascends on ant surfaces of longus capitis/colli --lies post to common/internal carotids --deep to carotid sheath

Question 48

fibers of the upper sympathetic trunk

Answer 48

contains preganglionic symp fibers from T1 n T2 --GVA fibers too sends gray rami communicantes to all cervical ventral rami

Question 49

superior cervical ganglion

Answer 49

elongated structure on longus capitis muscles level of C1-2 postganglionic symp fibers supply all smooth muscles and glands of the head

Question 50

stellate ganglion

Answer 50

fused inferior cervical ganglion and T1 ganglion

Question 51

components of the sympathetic trunk

Answer 51

sup cervical ganglion mid cervical ganglion inf cervical ganglion stellate ganglion