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PHYSIOLOGY III > L2: Male Reproduction > Flashcards

L2: Male Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

the breeding soundness exam evaluates what aspects

A
  • bull fitness
  • semen quality
  • libido
  • ability to copulate
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2
Q

site of spermatogenesis

A

seminiferous tubules (lumen)

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3
Q

what are the cell types found in the seiminiferous tubules

A
  • germ cells (spermatogonia)
  • sertoli cells
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4
Q

cell type found in the CT (interstitial) of testes

A
  • leydig cells (testosterone)
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5
Q

testes produce what 2 essential products

A
  • sperm
  • testosterone
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6
Q

sperm move from the seminiferous tubules through the rete testes and into the ______for storage and maturation

A

Epididymis

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7
Q

process by which spermatogonia (germ cells) are converted to spermatozoa (sperms)

A

spermatogenesis

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8
Q

packaging and maturation of spermatozoa is called

A

spermiogenesis

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9
Q

release of spermatozoa from Sertoli cells into lumen of seminiferous tubules

A

spermination

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10
Q

during this, 2 divisions create 4 diploid primary spermatocytes

proliferation of diploid germ cells

A

mitosis

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11
Q

characterized by 2 divisions:
- diploid germ cells get converted into haploid spermatocytes
- two divisions create 16 spermatids
- * single strand of one chromosome

A

meiosis

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12
Q

sperm cells don’t complete cyotkinesis during meiosis so the 4 daughter cells remain connected, forming a _____?

A

syncytium
* ensures haploid cells contain either X or Y chromosome

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13
Q

the rate of spermatogenesis is constant, and set by _______ within sertoli cells

A

retinoic acid

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14
Q

tight junctions between sertoli cells form a …..

A

blood testes barrier
prevents immune cells from accessing spermatozoa

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15
Q

early spermatids remain joined by _______ bridges

A

cytoplasmic bridges

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16
Q

what cells produce androgen binding protein

A

sertoli cells

17
Q

sertoli cells are stimulated by ______ and ________

A

testosterone and FSH

release inhibin

18
Q

what is hypogonadism

A

smaller than normal testicular size, results in below normal sperm counts

19
Q

the # of ______ cells that ocur in development determines the spermatogenic potential of the testes

A

sertoli cells

20
Q

what is the importance of gap junctions between spermatocytes and sertoli cells

A

permit the transfer of nutrients

21
Q

2 points during male development when sertoli cells develop

A
  • at birth and puberty
22
Q

what do seminal (vesicular) vesicles produce

3 things

A
  • prostaglandins
  • fructose
  • clotting factor
23
Q

prostate secretions

A

bicarbonates makes an alkaline fluid

24
Q

what hormone stimulates cholesterol desmolase within Leydig cells to produce testosterone

A

Lutenizing hormone (LH)

25
Q

FSH promotes secretion of _____ and ______ from sertoli cells

A

inhibin and androgen binding protein (ABP)

26
Q

where in the testes is testosterone produced

A

Leydig ccells

27
Q

what concentrates testosterone in the seminiferous tubules

A

androgen binding protein (ABP)

28
Q

testosterone circulates in peripheral blood bound to….?

A

sex hormone binding globulins (SHBG)

29
Q

what enzyme converts testosterone into estradiol

A

aromatase

30
Q

what enzyme converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

A

5α-reductase

31
Q

what is the rate limiting step in the male steroid biosynthetic pathway

A

Lutenizing hormone (LH)
it increases the affinity of cholesterol desmolase to cholesterol

32
Q

cryptorchid testes can produce normal _______ but few ______

A

normal - testosterone
fewer - spermatozoa

33
Q

T/F fibroelastic penises are firm when not erect

A

T

34
Q

what are the steps in the neuroendocrine activation of sexual stimulation

A
  • sensory stimulus
  • stimulus of nerves in supraoptic + paraventricular nuclei
  • release of oxytocin from posterior pituitary
  • transport of spermatozoa into ejaculatory positon
  • contractions of SM in distal tail of epididymis and ductus deferens
35
Q

corpus cavernosa and corpus spongiosum are in what component of the penis

A

shaft

36
Q

erection is achieved by what 3 things

A
  1. higher brain activity (env stimulus)
  2. mechanical stimulation of glans
  3. parasympathetic impulses from sacral erection generation center (S2-S4)
37
Q

what is the role of parasympathetics in erection

A
  • release of NO in penis causes sm to relax and increases blood flow
38
Q

when penis is flaccid, the helicine arteries are ….

A

contracted

39
Q

when the penis is erect, the helicine arteries are ….

A

relaxed (Caused by NO)

PHYSIOLOGY III (31 decks)

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