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Anatomy > L20- Abdomen- Wall & Cavity > Flashcards

L20- Abdomen- Wall & Cavity Flashcards

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1
Q

Define the abdomen

A

The roughly cylindrical chamber that extends from the thorax (superiorly) to the pelvis (inferiorly)

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2
Q

What are the superior and inferior boundaries of the abdomen

A
  • SUPERIOR BOUNDARY: thoraco- abdominal diaphragm (attaches to the inferior
    thoracic aperture)
  • INFERIOR BOUNDARY: pelvic inlet (superior margin of true pelvis)
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3
Q

What is the abdominal wall composed of & it encloses what

A

Composed primarily of muscle; encloses the abdominal cavity

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4
Q

What encloses the abdominal cavity & it contains what

A

Abdominal wall; contains the abdominal viscera and associated structures

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5
Q

What are the 4 functions of the abdomen

A

Protection, position/posture, respiration, intra-abdominal pressure

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6
Q

Functions- what does the abdominal wall protect

A

Abdominal viscera

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7
Q

Functions- position/posture

A

Helps maintain the position of the abdominal viscera against the action of gravity (guts would spill out if not present)

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8
Q

Functions- respiration

A

The abdominal muscles contract/ relax to alter expansion/ contraction of the thorax (as diaphragm contracts the abdominal muscles relax & as the diaphragm relaxes the abdominal muscles contract)

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9
Q

Functions- intra-abdominal pressure

A

Increasing pressure (by contraction of abdominal muscles) contributes to defecation, micturition, parturition

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10
Q

The functions of the abdomen are in addition to what

A

The functions of the individual organs contained in the abdomen

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11
Q

What is the costal margin formed by

A

Costal cartilages of ribs 6-10; forms part of inferior thoracic
aperture (to which the diaphragm attaches)

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12
Q

What are the features of the bony pelvis that are attachments of the inguinal ligament

A

Anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle

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13
Q

Where is the umbilicus located

A

Intervertebral disc
between the L3 and L4

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14
Q

The abdomen is divided into ___________ by the intersection of __________

A

Four quadrants, two planes

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15
Q

What are the 2 planes that intersect the abdomen

A

Transverse plane through the umbilicus, midsagittal plane

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16
Q

What is the abdominal wall lined by

A

Skin and superficial fascia

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17
Q

What are the 2 layers of superficial fascia

A

Camper’s fascia & scarpa’s fascia

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18
Q

What are the characteristics of campers fascia

A

Superficial fatty layer (usually thicker)

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of Scarpa’s fascia

A

Deep membranous layer (usually thinner)

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20
Q

Both Camper’s fascia and Scarpa’s fascia are continuous with what

A

Fascial layers in the perineum

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21
Q

The abdominal musculature consists of what abdominal walls

A

Posterior abdominal wall and anterolateral wall

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22
Q

The posterior abdominal wall contains muscles that do what

A

Reinforce the abdominal wall, produce movements of the lower limb

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23
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall that reinforce the abdominal wall

A

Quadratus lumborum, Psoas major, Iliacus

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24
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall that produce movements of the lower limb

A

Psoas major, Iliacus

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25
Identify
26
The anterolateral abdominal wall consists of:
3 layers of flat, obliquely- oriented muscles (laterally), one vertical muscle (medially)
27
Identify
28
External abdominal oblique muscle (superficial) has fibers oriented in what direction
Infero-medial direction
29
Internal abdominal oblique muscle (intermediate) has fibers oriented in what direction
Supero-medial
30
Transversus abdominus muscle has fibers oriented in what direction
Transverse
31
What are the 3 layers of flat, obliquely-oriented muscles
External abdominal oblique muscles, internal abdominal oblique muscles, transversus abdominus muscle
32
All 3 layers (External abdominal oblique muscles, internal abdominal oblique muscles, transversus abdominus muscle) have what
Their own aponeurosis
33
Only the inferior portion of the transversus abdominus aponeurosis is located where
Anterior to rectus abdominis
34
The 2 oblique aponeurosis' form what
The rectus sheath
35
The rectus sheath surrounds what
The rectus abdominus
36
The inferior margin of the external oblique aponeurosis forms what
The inguinal ligament
37
The inguinal ligament helps form what
The inguinal canal (passageway from the abdominal cavity to the abdominal wall)
38
What is the inguinal canal
A passageway from the abdominal cavity to the abdominal wall
39
The inguinal canal transmits what
Spermatic cord (males), round ligament of the uterus (females)
40
The varying directions of the muscle fibers in the layers of flat muscles help do what
Strengthen the abdominal wall (because each layer can resist pressure in a different direction)
41
What is the rectus abdominus
Long, flat muscles (paired L/R) that extend the length of the anterior abdominal wall (from the sternum to the pelvis)
42
Each rectus abdominus muscle contains 3-4 what
Tendinous intersections (i.e., transverse fibrous bands)
43
The R and L rectus abdominus muscles are separated by what in the midline
Linea alba
44
What does the Linea alba consist of
The aponeuroses of all of the abdominal oblique muscles
45
The aponeuroses of the abdominal oblique muscles form what
The rectus sheath (surrounds the rectus abdominus muscle)
46
The posterior layer of the rectus sheath ends where
At the Arcuate line
47
Inferior to the arcuate line the anterior abdominal wall is only separated from the abdominal cavity by what
A thin layer of fascia (transversalis fascia)
48
Define abdominal cavity
The space enclosed by the abdominal wall and containing the abdominal viscera (and the associated structures)
49
The abdominal cavity is continuous inferiorly with the pelvic cavity; the continuous cavity is often referred to as what
Abdominopelvic cavity
50
The abdominal cavity is lined by a serous membrane called the what
Peritoneum (the peritoneum is similar to the pleura and serous pericardium)
51
What are the 2 layers of the peritoneum
Parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum
52
What layer is the parietal peritoneum & what does it surround
Outer layer, surrounds the walls of the abdominal cavity
53
What layer is the visceral peritoneum & what does it surround
Inner layer, surrounds the abdominal organs
54
What is the peritoneal cavity & what is in it
The potential space between the parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum, the abdominal organs and a small amount of serous fluid
55
What are the intraperitoneal viscera suspended by in the peritoneal cavity
Mesenteries (folds of the peritoneum where the 2 layers are CONTINUOUS)
56
What is contained in the mesenteries?
Neurovasculature and lymphatics to/from the organ(s) they suspend
57
Where are the retroperitoneal viscera located and what is special about them
Located outside the peritoneal cavity, these organs develop in this location
58
What are suspended by mesentery early in development, but later lose their mesenteries and fuse with the abdominal wall
Secondarily retroperitoneal viscera
59
What is the large, apron-like structure that drapes over the small intestine and attaches to the transverse colon (part of the large intestine)
The greater omentum
60
Define omenta
Double layers of peritoneum; connect the stomach and the first part of the small intestine to other structures in the abdominal cavity
61
What is the lesser omentum
Smaller omentum connects to the liver
62
The lesser omentum divides the peritoneal cavity into what two parts
Lesser sac (omental bursa), greater sac (larger, remaining portion of the peritoneal cavity)
63
The contents of the abdominal cavity can be classified by
Function, peritoneal position, location
64
Contents of the abdominal cavity- GI
65
What are the accessory digestive organs
Liver, gallbladder, pancreas
66
What are the endocrine glands located adjacent to the kidneys
Suprarenal (adrenal) glands
67
What are in the pelvic cavity
Inferior portion of the ureter and the urinary bladder
68
What is contained in the intraperitoneal viscera
L(2)EGS(3)-P Large intestine Liver Esophagus Gallbladder Spleen Small intestine (most) Stomach Pancreas (tail)
69
What is contained in the retroperitoneal viscera
Kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters (most)
70
What are considered secondarily retroperitoneal viscera
Small intestine (most of duodenum), large intestine, pancreas (except tail)
71
What 2 quadrants does the pancreas & liver occupy
LUQ/RUP
72
What quadrants do the small intestine & large intestine occupy
All four
73
What is contained in the RUQ
Liver, pancreas, gallbladder, R kidney, small/large intestine
74
What is contained in the LUQ
Liver, small/large intestine, stomach, spleen, L kidney, pancreas
75
What is contained in the RLQ
Small/large intestine, R ureter
76
What is contained in the LLQ
Small/ large intestine, L ureter

Anatomy (4 decks)

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