L23- Urinary system Flashcards by Alec Lyons

Q

What cavities contain the urinary system

A

Both abdominal & pelvic cavities

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Q

What are the 4 major components of the urinary system

A

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

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Q

What quadrants are the kidneys located in & between which vertebrae

A

Upper left and right quadrants, between T12-L3

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Q

Why is the right kidney slightly lower than the left kidney

A

Due to the large amount of space the liver occupies in the RUQ

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Q

Where is the kidney located compared to the peritoneum

A

Retroperitoneal

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Q

Posterior to the kidneys are which 2 muscles

A

Psoas major, quadratus lumborum

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Q

Identify the peritoneum, psoas major, quadratus lumborum

A

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Q

Which ribs are located posterior to the left and right kidneys

A

Ribs 11/12 (floating ribs)

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Q

What 2 things are the kidneys directly surrounded by

A

Perinephric fat, renal fascia

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Q

Identify the perinephric fat & renal fascia

A

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Q

Identify perirenal fat capsule, renal fibrous capsule, renal fascia posterior/ anterior layers

A

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Q

What is the entry/ exit of the kidney called

A

Hilum

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Q

Identify all arrows

A

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Q

The renal columns break the renal medulla into what

A

Renal pyramids

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Q

Where does filtration start

A

Renal cortex

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Q

What is this

A

Renal pyramid/ medulla

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Q

Identify arrows

A

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Q

Where does the urine enter the conduction system

A

Renal papilla

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Q

Each papilla drains into what

A

Minor calyx

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Q

2 or more minor calyces drain into what

A

Major calyx

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Q

All major calyces drain into what

A

Renal pelvis

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Q

Renal pelvis becomes what

A

The ureter

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Q

What is the flow of urine

A

Renal cortex–> renal medulla–> renal papilla–> minor calyces–> major calyces–> renal pelvis–> ureter

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Q

Identify arrows

A

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Identify arrows

Which renal artery is longer

Right renal artery

Right renal artery passes posteriorly to what

Inferior vena cava

During development the kidneys develop in the ______ region then ascend

Caudal (tail-like region)

What are accessory/ supernumerary renal arteries from

During developmental ascent when the lower arteries don't degenerate

Gonads develop where then do what

Develop higher up then descend

Which renal vein is longer

Left renal vein

The left renal vein passes under what

Celiac trunk

What hangs over the left renal vein

Superior mesenteric

Right gonadal vein drains into what

Inferior vena cava

Left gonadal vein drains into what

Left renal vein

What is nutcracker syndrome

Superior mesenteric artery compressing the left renal vein against the aorta

The ureters are where compared to the peritoneal cavity

Retroperitoneal (like kidneys)

The ureters descend through the ______ cavity into the _____ cavity

Abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

Identify arrows

The ductus (vas) deferens crosses over what

Ureters

Identify arrows

In females the uterine artery & vein pass over what

Ureter

Identify arrows

What are the 3 constrictions of the ureters that kidney stones commonly get lodged

1- Ureteropelvic junction 2- Pelvic inlet 3- Entrance to bladder

Identify arrows

Identify bolded lines

The median umbilical ligament does what

Anchors bladder

What is the posterior border of the bladder called

Fundus

The bladder is in _____ cavity & can extend into ______ cavity when full

Pelvic, abdominal

Identify arrows

The pelvic cavity is below what

The peritoneum

Identify arrows

The superior portion of the bladder is called _____ & contains _______

Trigone, receptors for sensing when bladder is full

Identify arrows

Identify arrows

The uterus is associated with ______ anteriorly and with ______ posteriorly

Pubic symphysis, vagina

Identify arrows

What are the 2 arteries that connect to the bladder in a male

Superior & inferior vesicular

What are the 2 arteries in the female bladder area

Superior vesicular artery & vaginal artery

What transmits urine from the internal urethral orifice to the external urethral orifice

Urethra

Is the internal urethral sphincter voluntary or involuntary?

Involuntary (autonomic control)

Is the external urethral sphincter voluntary or involuntary?

Voluntary

Identify arrows

Identify whats blacked out (female)

Identify arrows

Identify arrows

Identify boxes

Identify arrows

Identify arrows

Identify arrows

Identify box

What is the homologous area of the uterus/ vagina in males

Prostatic utricle

Identify boxes

What is the longest part of the urethra in males

Spongy part of urethra

Identify arrows

What are the major erectile tissues in males

Corpora cavernosa

What is the male equivalent of the glans clitorus

Glans penis

In males- what 3 arteries supply the urethra with blood

Inferior vesicular, middle rectal, internal pudendal arteries

In females- what 2 arteries supply the the urethra with blood

Vaginal artery, internal pudendal arteries

What artery branches off aorta to supply the gonads (testes and ovaries) with blood

Gonadal arteries

What is the blood flow to the bladder

Abdominal aorta---> common iliac---> internal iliac

What are the 4 arteries that supply parts of the urethra

Renal, gonadal, aorta, common iliac, internal iliac

What is the pathway of urine flow to the bladder

Cortex---> pyramids of renal medulla--->renal papilla--->minor calyces--->major calyces ---> renal pelvis---> ureters---> bladder