L3

Question 1

▪ In the history of science and technology, the
interests lies in how intellectual revolutions emerged
as a result of the interaction of science and
technology and of society.
▪ 16th – 18th century

Answer 1

Intellectual Revolution

Question 2

The____________ refers to a paradigm shift in
thinking and knowledge. It encompasses changes in ideas, values, and beliefs that shape society.

Answer 2

intellectual revolution

Question 3

Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment is example of?

Answer 3

Intellectual Revolution

Question 4

encourage critical
thinking and questioning
of established norms and
beliefs.

Answer 4

Intellectual revolutions

Question 5

They foster creativity,
innovation, and the
development of new ideas
and concepts.

Answer 5

Intellectual revolutions

Question 6

refer to the series of events that led to the
emergence of modern science and the progress of scientific thinking across critical periods in history.

Answer 6

Intellectual revolutions

Question 7

was a time of REBIRTH in creativity in
Europe in the 1300s. Changed in many areas - political, social, economic, and cultural.

Answer 7

Renaissance

Question 8

The ____________ led
to significant advancements
in scientific knowledge and
the emergence of the
scientific method.

Answer 8

Scientific Revolution

Question 9

The_________
emphasized reason,
individualism, and the pursuit
of knowledge as the key to
progress and social reform.

Answer 9

Enlightenment

Question 10

planets as well as the sun and the moon, moved in a circular motion around the Earth.

Answer 10

Claudius Ptolemy

Question 11

Earth was at the center

Answer 11

Geocentrism

Question 12

a Polish mathematician and
astronomer, challenged the Ptolemaic
model.

Answer 12

Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 13

He introduced a new concept known as
Heliocentrism, which suggested that
the center of the Solar System was
not the Earth but actually the sun.

Answer 13

Nicolaus Copernicus,

Question 14

• Copernican Revolution
• Refers to the 16th century paradigm shift
• Formulated the “Heliocentric Model” of the
universe
• Shift: Geocentrism to Heliocentrism

Answer 14

Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 15

▪ Commentarioles (40-page outline)
▪ De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium
(1543)
▪ He repositioned the Earth from the center
of the SS and introduced the idea that the
Earth rotates on its own axis

Answer 15

Heliocentric Model

Question 16

had multiple inadequacies
that were later filled in by other astronomers
and later accepted by other scientists like
Galileo Galilei

Answer 16

Copernican model

Question 17

marked a turning point in the
study of cosmology and astronomy

Answer 17

Copernican revolution

Question 18

All planets revolved around the sun
not in circular orbits but elliptical
orbits. The closer a planet to the
sun the faster it moves.

Answer 18

Johannes Kepler

Question 19

Law of Planetary Motion

Answer 19

Johannes Kepler

Question 20

English naturalist, geologist and biologist On The Origin of Species – 1859, Treatise on the Science of Evolution
Proposed the theory of biological evolution by natural selection

Answer 20

Charles Darwin

Question 21

was one of the most controversial
intellectual revolutions of its time.

Answer 21

Darwinian Revolution

Question 22

an evolutionary process by which organisms inherit, develop, and adapt traits that favored survival and
reproduction.

Answer 22

Natural Selection

Question 23

Darwin gathered evidence
pointing to what we now known
as ________

Answer 23

Natural Selection

Question 24

The theory describes how organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioral traits.

Answer 24

Theory of Evolution - highlight

Question 25

The changes that allow an organism to better adapt to its environment can help it survive and have more offspring

Answer 25

Theory of Evolution - highlight

Question 26

Accused of being short in accounting for the broad and complex evolutionary process

Answer 26

Theory of Evolution: Controversy

Question 27

Dismissive of the idea that the functional design of organisms was a manifestation of an omniscient God. Perceived it to be contradictory to the church’s teaching that the source of life is a powerful creator.

Answer 27

Theory of Evolution: Controversy

Question 28

Darwinian Revolution - Significance

Answer 28

Evolution is the unifying principle of all biology. It helps us understand phenomena in fields as diverse as genetics, ecology, and physiology

Question 29

▪ In the past, the field of psychology was always classified under philosophy. ▪ Psychology was considered more of an art rather than a science. ▪ In the late 19th, Sigmund Freud was able to change people’s perception of psychology.

Answer 29

Freudian Revolution

Question 30

Introduces PSYCHOANALYSIS

Answer 30

Sigmund Freud

Question 31

• Scientific method of understanding inner and unconscious conflicts embedded in one’s personality. • 3 parts of personality

Answer 31

Freudian Revolution

Question 32

described that the brain can be segmented into compartments

Answer 32

Sigmund Freud

Question 33

is the primitive and instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories (Pleasure Principle)

Answer 33

ID

Question 34

operates as a moral conscience (Conscience)

Answer 34

Super-ego

Question 35

is the realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the super ego (Reality Principle)

Answer 35

Ego

Question 36

is based on the belief that all humans have deep, unconscious beliefs, thoughts, memories, and desires.

Answer 36

Psychoanalysis

Question 37

These beliefs shape our present “sense of self.”

Answer 37

Psychoanalysis

Question 38

immediately shot into controversy for it emphasized the existence of the unconscious

Answer 38

Psychoanalysis - Controversy

Question 39

believed that during our childhood, certain events have great influence on how our personality is shaped, which carries over into our adult lives.

Answer 39

Freud

Question 40

Credited for dominating psychotherapeutic practice in the early 20th century

Answer 40

Freudian Revolution - Significance

Question 41

Intellectual revolutions face resistance from those who benefit from maintaining the status quo.

Answer 41

Resistance to change

Question 42

Critics argue that intellectual revolutions often lead to the erosion of traditional values and cultural heritage

Answer 42

Loss of Tradition

Question 43

The pursuit of new ideas may raise ethical questions and dilemmas that need to be addressed during an intellectual revolution

Answer 43

Ethical Dilemmas

Question 44

the first illustrator of the unconscious.

Answer 44

Sigmund Freud

Question 45

challenged his sense of divinity by tracing his descent to the animal kingdom.

Answer 45

Darwin

Question 46

dethroned man from the center of the universe

Answer 46

Copernicus

Question 47

_____ have a profound impact on society. They have shaped human history, leading to progress, innovation, and societal transformation. However, they also face challenges and criticisms.

Answer 47

intellectual revolutions