L3: joints Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is a joint
Where two bones meet and movement may occur
In what two ways can joints be categorised
How much movement they allow, by structure and type of tissue that holds joint together
What 3 types of tissue can joints be held together by
Cartilage, fibre, lubricating fluid
How much movement do two joints held by cartilage have
Some movement
How much movement do two joints held by fibrous connected tissues or cartilage have
No movement, these are fixed joints
How much movement do joints held by lubricating fluid have and what are these joints called?
Freely moving, synovial joints
What are the names of the four types of joints called
Fixed, fibrous, hinge, ball and socket joints
How much movement is in a fixed joint
No movement between the bones that meet
Name two examples of a fixed joint
Adult skull, pelvis
How much movement does a fibrous joint have
Limited
What is a fibrous joint seperated by
Cartilage or fibrous connective tissues
Name an example of a fibrous joint
Veertebrae
How much movement does a ball and socket joint have
Can move in all directions
How much movement does a hinge joint have
Can only move in one direction
Name two examples of a ball and socket joint
Shoulders, hips
Name two examples of a hinge joint
Elbow, knee
In synovial joints, what covers the bone and what is in-between the bones
End of bones covered with cartilage, synovial fluid in-between
What does the cartilage and synovial fluid in synovial joint protect the bones from
Damage caused by friction (rubbing against eachother)
What are ligaments
Elastic fibres that connect bone to bone
What are tendons
Non elastic fibres that connect muscle to bone
Why are ligaments elastic
So they can stretch to allow the bones to move (limited movement)
What happens to a muscle as it contracts
It gets smaller
What happens to the bone as the muscle contracts
It pulls the bone as they are attached by a tendon
What are antagonistic muscles
Pairs of muscles that work together to move bones, one contracts, other relaxes
