L6: the body's defences

Question 1

What is the role of the heart

Answer 1

Pumps blood around the body

Question 2

What two substances does the blood transportation to cells that are needed for respiration

Answer 2

Oxygen and glucose

Question 3

What force slows a plane down

Answer 3

Air resistance

Question 4

If a substance turns UI orange what is it

Answer 4

Acid

Question 5

What are the smallest blood vessels called

Answer 5

Capillaries

Question 6

What are elements that have properties of metals and non metals called

Answer 6

Metalloids

Question 7

What orgam does the cranium protect

Answer 7

Brain

Question 8

What do we call the pairs that muscles work in

Answer 8

Antagonistic pairs

Question 9

What type of joint is the shoulder joint

Answer 9

Ball and socket joint

Question 10

An element has 3 protons and 4 neutrons how many electrons will it have

Answer 10

3

Question 11

Name two examples of pathogens

Answer 11

Bacteria and viruses

Question 12

When bacteria invade the body, what do they release and what does it do

Answer 12

Toxins, making us fell unwell

Question 13

Where do viruses reproduce

Answer 13

In cells

Question 14

How do viruses make us feel sick

Answer 14

By damaging and killing cels

Question 15

What are the defences that protect us from diseases called

Answer 15

Immune system

Question 16

How many lines of defence does our immune system have

Answer 16

3

Question 17

What is the first line of defence

Answer 17

Barriers to prevent infection

Question 18

What is the second line of defence

Answer 18

General response to infection

Question 19

What is the third line of defence

Answer 19

Immunity against specific pathogens

Question 20

What does the first line of defence do

Answer 20

Tries to stop any pathogen getting in the body

Question 21

What two types of barriers are in the first line of defence

Answer 21

Physical barriers and chemical barriers

Question 22

Name four examples of our first line of defence

Answer 22

Skin

Mucous membranes in our breathing system

Chemical in tears

Stomach acid

Question 23

How does our skin help our bodies against microbes

Answer 23

Prevents them from entering

Question 24

How does our mucous membranes help our bodies against microbes

Answer 24

It catches and removes them

Question 25

How does the chemicals in our tears help our bodies against microbes

Answer 25

It kills them

Question 26

How does stomach acid help our bodies against microbes

Answer 26

Kills them

Question 27

What does the second line of defence in our bodies do

Answer 27

The white blood cells move in to destroy the pathogens

Question 28

Are all white blood cells the same

Answer 28

No

Question 29

Do all white blood cells have the same job

Answer 29

No

Question 30

What two white blood cells do we need to know about for our test

Answer 30

Phagocytes and lymphocytes

Question 31

Is the second line of defence specific about which pathogen it targets

Answer 31

No

Question 32

What do phagocytes do

Answer 32

It targets foreign cells and then surrounds and engulfs them

Question 33

What is the phagocyte's process called

Answer 33

Phagocytosis

Question 34

What does the third line of defence in our bodies do

Answer 34

Special white blood cells destroy the pathogens

Question 35

What are these special white blood cells called

Answer 35

Lymphocytes

Question 36

What do the lymphocytes do

Answer 36

- they recognise markers on the pathogens - they make antibodies specific for the pathogen

Question 37

What are the markers on pathogens called

Answer 37

Antigens

Question 38

How do the lymphocytes increase how many lymphocytes there are

Answer 38

Reproduces to make a clone army which can make millions of antibodies very quickly

Question 39

What happens after the lymphocytes make the antibodies

Answer 39

The phagocytes join in and help get rid of the pathogen

Question 40

What happens after our immune system has come across a pathogen's antigen

Answer 40

It will remember it and will be able to fight it off quickly next time

Question 41

What is immunity

Answer 41

Once our bodies have fought off an infection we become immune

Question 42

What are memory cells

Answer 42

A special type of lymphocyte

Question 43

Where do the memory cells remain

Answer 43

In the blood

Question 44

If you get infected by the same pathogen again, what will the memory cells do

Answer 44

They will reproduce quickly and produce lots of antibodies

Question 45

How quickly do memory cells remove the pathogen from the body

Answer 45

Before it even has time to make you ill

Question 46

What do vaccines contain

Answer 46

Dead or weakened pathogens

Question 47

What do vaccines have which is important

Answer 47

They still have the antigen of the pathogen on

Question 48

How does our immune system respond to the antigen in a vaccine

Answer 48

As if it were the actual pathogen

Question 49

What is the effect of the vaccine

Answer 49

It leaves behind memory cells - you're immune to this particular pathogen

Question 50

If you were vaccinated and got the pathogen you took a vaccines against, what happens

Answer 50

The memory cells reproduce and make antibodies very quickly

Question 51

After taking a vaccine, how fast would the response to the pathogen you took a vaccine against be

Answer 51

Destroys the pathogen before you get ill

Question 52

What is herd immunity

Answer 52

When a large population are immune to a pathogen making it harder for the pathogen to spread

Question 53

Finish the sentence, the more infectious the pathogen

Answer 53

The larger the immune population needs to be

Question 54

Name two ways herd immunity can be developed

Answer 54

- Using vaccines - people catching and recovering from a patogen

Question 55

How do antibiotics work

Answer 55

They are chemicals that kill bacteria inside the body

Question 56

Do antibiotics work on viruses

Answer 56

No

Question 57

Why do we have to use antibiotics with care

Answer 57

More and more bacteria are becoming resistant to them

Question 58

Name one type of antibiotic

Answer 58

Penicillin