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Anatomy > L3 “pharynx & Esophagus” > Flashcards

L3 “pharynx & Esophagus” Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Pharynx

A

musculomembranous
tube, lies behind the nose, mouth
and larynx

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2
Q

Pharynx extent from ➡️ to

A

extends from the base of the skull to the 6th cervical vertebra “lower part of cricoid cartilage “

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3
Q

Pharynx continues as

A

oesophagus

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4
Q

Length of The Pharynx

A

12 - 14 cm

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5
Q

Name the 3 cavities of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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6
Q

How can the pharynx communicate freely with 3 cavities

A

Because its anterior wall is mostly absent

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7
Q

Extent of The Nasopharynx

A

from the base of the skull to the level of the soft palate

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8
Q

Special features of nasopharynx

A

1nasopharyngeal tonsil which located in nasopharynx “junction of its roof and the posterior wall”
2- pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube

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9
Q

Another name of nasopharyngeal tonsils

A

(adenoids ) it’s may obstruct the nasopharynx in children younger than 6 year cause difficult nasal breathing

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10
Q

Name the Opening of lateral wall of the nasopharynx

A

Pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube ( eustachian tube )

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11
Q

Location of the pharyngeal opening of auditory

A

1 cm behind the inferior concha

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12
Q

The pharyngeal opening is bounded above and behind by

A

tubal elevation which produced by the cartilage of the auditory tube

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13
Q

Function pharyngeal opening of auditory

A

pressure regulation of the middle ear

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14
Q

Around the opening of Pharyngeal there is collection of lymphoid tissue called

A

tubal tonsil

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15
Q

lower part of the tubal elevation continuous as

A

salpingopharyngeal fold

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16
Q

Behind the tubal elevation there is recess called

A

pharyngeal recess of Rosenmuller

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17
Q

Extension of The Oropharynx

A

extends from the level of soft palate to the level of the upper of the epiglottis.

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18
Q

Special Features of Oropharynx

A

( palatine tonsil ) which located in sinus tonsillar (tonsillar bed) (tonsillar fossa) in the lateral wall between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches.

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19
Q

Anterior arches to palatine tonsils

A

palatoglossal arches

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20
Q

Posterior arches to palatine tonsils

A

palatopharyngeal arches

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21
Q

Lateral surface of palatine tonsil covered by

A

( fibrous capsule ) contain external palatine vein “paratonsil vein” which is descending from soft palate

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22
Q

Lateral to (Palatine tonsil)

A
  1. Styloglossus muscle
  2. Facial artery
  3. Internal carotid artery
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23
Q

Superior constrictor muscle and palatin tonsil are separated by

A

External palatine vein “paratonsillar vain”

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24
Q

Muscles lateral to palatine tonsil

A

Superior constrictor muscle
Styloglossus muscle

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25
Q

Arteries lateral to palatine tonsil

A

Internal carotid artery
Facial artery

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26
Q

Blood supply of palatine tonsil

A

Tonsillar branch of facial artery

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27
Q

Venous drainage of palatine tonsil

A

External palatine vein

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28
Q

Lymph drainage of palatine tonsil

A

Upper deep cervical lymph nodes

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29
Q

Lateral vein to palatine tonsil

A

Paratonsillar vein “external palatine vein ”

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30
Q

Laryngopharynx extent from ➡️ to

A

extends from epiglottis to lower border of cricoid cartilage

31
Q

Anteroinferiorly Communication of Laryngopharynx with the larynx by :

A

laryngeal inlet

32
Q

Inferiorly Communications with the Laryngopharynx

A

continuous as oesophagus

33
Q

muscle coat of the pharynx consists of

A
  1. Outer layer
  2. Inner layer
34
Q

Outer layer formed of 3 constrictors

A

superior, middle, inferior (constrictor)

35
Q

Inner layer formed of 3 longitudinal muscles

A

1.Stylopharyngeus 2.Salpingopharyngeus
3.Palatopharyngeus

36
Q

The 3 constrictors inserted posteriorly into

A

pharyngeal raphe

37
Q

What’s the pharyngeal raphe

A

Raphe extend from the pharyngeal tubercle “on the skull” to the oesophagus

38
Q

What’s the important of the pharyngeal raphe

A

Give insertions to the 3 constrictor muscles

39
Q

Where does the 3 longitudinal muscles inserted

A

inserted in posterior border of the thyroid cartilage

40
Q

Nerve supply of the pharynx

A

cranial accessory nerve

41
Q

cranial accessory nerve supply all the pharyngeal muscles except

A

stylopharyngeus

42
Q

stylopharyngeus muscle supply by nerve called

A

glossopharyngeal nerve
اعرفوها بالارقام كمان

43
Q

Action of the pharyngeal constrictors muscles

A

propulsive during swallowing.

44
Q

Action of the pharyngeal longitudinal muscles

A

elevate the larynx and pharynx upward to close the laryngeal inlet during the second stage of swallowing

45
Q

tubular structure about 25 cm long

A

Esophagus

46
Q

beginning of Esophagus

A

begins as the continuation of the
pharynx at the level of the 6th
cervical vertebra “lower border of cricoid cartilage ”

47
Q

Esophagus pierces the diaphragm at the level of

A

10th thoracic

48
Q

Why the esophagus pierces the diaphragm

A

To join the stomach at level of T11

49
Q

parts of the esophagus

A

1-Cervical.
2- Thoracic.
3- Abdominal.

50
Q

aortic arch pushes the oesophagus to the midline at ?

A

level of the sternal angle
* midline of oesophagus compress anteriorly by arch of aorta and left bronchus*

51
Q

esophagus extend from ➡️ to

A

From C6 to T11

52
Q

esophagus is divided into 3 parts

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Abdominal (1.3cm)

53
Q

In case of heart failure or mitral stenosis the left atrium may compress the ?

A

ESOPHAGUS causing dysphasia

54
Q

In the abdomen the length of esophagus is

A

1.3 cm

55
Q

esophagus is accompanied with 2 structural At the opening of the diaphragm

A

– The two vagus nerve
– Left gastric vessels

56
Q

In case of oesophageal hernia it’s may affect the

A

The two vagus nerve and Left gastric vessels

57
Q

Esophageal constrictions “narrowing ”

A

first : junction with the
pharynx(pharyngeoesophageal
junction)

second : crossing with the
aortic arch and the left main bronchus

third : junction with the
stomach

58
Q

clinical importance of Esophageal constrictions

A
  1. cause difficulties in
    passing an esophagoscope
  2. In children swallowing of
    caustic liquids cause common sites of the development of esophageal carcinoma
59
Q

Cervical part of oesophagus is supply by “nutrition”

A

inferior thyroid artery , which is branch from subclavian artery

60
Q

Thoracic part of oesophagus is supply by “nutrition”

A

thoracic aorta (descending aorta )

61
Q

Abdominal part of oesophagus is supply by “nutrition”

A

left gastric artery , which is branch from coelic trunk

62
Q

Upper part of oesophagus is drain into 

A

inferior thyroid veins

63
Q

Middle part of oesophagus is drain into

A

azygos veins

64
Q

Where does the azygos veins end

A

Superior vena cava

65
Q

Lower part of oesophagus is drain into

A

left gastric vein , which is a tributary of the portal vein

66
Q

left gastric vein drain into

A

portal vein

67
Q

Lymphic drainage of upper third of oesophagus is into

A

deep cervical nodes

68
Q

In case of carcinoma in upper third which lymph nodes may affect

A

deep cervical nodes.

69
Q

Lymphic drainage of middle third of oesophagus is into

A

superior and inferior mediastinal nodes

70
Q

In case of enlargement of superior and inferior mediastinal nodes which part may affect

A

Middle third part

71
Q

Lymphic drainage of lower third of oesophagus is into

A

celiac lymph nodes

72
Q

enlargement of celiac lymph nodes may cause

A

Carcinoma of stomach or carcinoma of lower part of oesophagus

73
Q

sympathetic NERVE SUPPLY of oesophagus 

A

sympathetic trunks

74
Q

parasympathetic NERVE SUPPLY of oesophagus 

A

vagus nerves

Anatomy (8 decks)

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