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Anatomy > L6 ”Peritoneum” > Flashcards

L6 ”Peritoneum” Flashcards

1
Q

The largest serous sac that lines abdominal wall and covers the abdominal viscera

A

The peritoneum

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2
Q

What is the parts of peritoneum ?

A

Visceral layer

Parietal layer

Peritoneal fold

Peritoneal cavity

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3
Q

The Visceral layer :

A

covers abdominal viscera, supplied by autonomic nerves and sensitive to stretch only.

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4
Q

Parietal layer:

A

-lines abdominal wall

-supplied by somatic nerves

-it is very sensitive that when irritated leads to pain, tenderness and rigidity.

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5
Q

Peritoneal fold:

A

when peritoneum is in contact other peritoneal layer to form either ligament, omentum or mesentery.

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6
Q

The Peritoneal sac in male :

A

closed sac

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7
Q

Peritoneal sac in females

A

• opened by uterine tubes

(the sac is not completely closed because it communicates with the exterior through the uterine tubes)

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8
Q

Functions of peritoneum:

A

1- Provides smooth surfaces for viscera to avoid friction.

2- Protects against infection as peritoneal fluid contains antibodies.

3- Allows rapid healing

4- Can localize the spread of infection (policeman of the abdomen).

5- Storage of fat.

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9
Q

The abdominal viscera can be divided anatomically by their relationship to the peritoneum into two main groups:

A

Intraperitoneal

Retroperitoneal (Extraperitoneal)

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10
Q

Intraperitoneal Organs:

A

are enveloped by visceral peritoneum, which covers
the organ both anteriorly and posteriorly.

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11
Q

Examples of Intraperitoneal Organs:

A

Stomach

Liver

Cecum

most of small intestine

appendix, Transverse colon, Gall bladder and spleen , sigmoid colon

(SLC’S ATGSS) سلك التجسس

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12
Q

Extraperitoneal or Retroperitoneal organ :

A

peritoneum only covers their anterior surface.

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13
Q

The Retroperitoneal divided into two groups based on their embryological development :

Primary retroperitoneal:

A

Primary retroperitoneal: organs developed and remain outside of the parietal peritoneum .

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14
Q

Examples of Primary retroperitoneal:

A

-Aorta
-kidneys
-Inferior vena cava
-Suprarenal glands
-rectum
-urinary bladder
-vagina

( A kis ruv ) اختصارها

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15
Q

The Retroperitoneal divided into two groups based on their embryological development:

Secondary retroperitoneal :

A

-organs were initially intraperitoneal, suspended by mesentery.

-Through the course of embryogenesis, they became retroperitoneal as their mesentery fused with the posterior abdominal wall.

-their anterior surface with peritoneum

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16
Q

Examples of Secondary retroperitoneal:

A

descending colon

ascending colon

duodenum

pancreas

(Da dp) دا دب

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17
Q

The Peritoneal Cavity:

A

1-Greater Sac

2-Lesser Sac

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18
Q

The Peritoneal recesses:

A

1-Duodenal recesses

2-Caecal recesses

3-Intersigmoid recess Other recesses

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19
Q

Peritoneal Reflections :

A

It develops into a highly folded, complex structures.

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20
Q

Peritoneal Reflections :

Number of terms are used to describe the folds:

A

1- Mesentery

2- Omentum

3-Peritoneal Ligaments

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21
Q

The peritoneal cavity is :

A

the largest one in the body

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22
Q

Divisions of the peritoneal cavity :

A

• Greater sac : extends from diaphragm down to the pelvis.

• Lesser sac: lies behind the stomach.

  • Both cavities are interconnected through the
    “Epiploic foramen” (also called the foramen of Winslow).
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23
Q

Greater Sac It is divided by :

A

transverse colon & its mesentery

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24
Q

The greater sac divided by transverse colon & its mesentery into:

A

• a- Supracolic compartment : lies above the transverse mesocolon and contains stomach, liver and spleen

• b- Infracolic compartment : lies below the transverse mesocolon and contains the small intestine, ascending and descending colon. .

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25
Q

In Greater Sac The infracolic compartment is further
Subdivided into :

A

left and right infracolic spaces by the mesentery of the small intestine.

26
Q

Greater sac ,Paracolic gutters it’s :

A

grooves or spaces between the abdominal wall and the lateral aspect of the ascending and descending colon.

• These spaces allows “communication “between supra and infra colic regions of the greater sac.

• It is important for peritoneal fluid flow

27
Q

Lesser Sac (Omental Bursa) ,It is the peritoneal sac that:

A

lies behind the stomach and lesser omentum.

28
Q

The omental bursa(Lesser Sac) is communicated with……….through an opening in the omental bursa – the ………. .

A

Greater sac ,epiploic foramen (foramen of Winslow).

29
Q

Boundaries of the epiploic foramen :

A

• Anterior border : free edge of the lesser omentum containing the portal tirade:

a- common bile duct

b-portal vein

c-hepatic artery

30
Q

Boundaries of the epiploic foramen :

A

• Posterior border:
a- inferior vena cava
b- right crus of diaphragm

• Superior border :
cuadate lobe of the liver.

• Inferior border:
first part of the duodenum

31
Q

The peritoneum wraps around the viscera, they
form several fossae or spaces called ………. within
the peritoneal cavity

A

recesses

32
Q

These recesses are potential sites for …… also clinical significance because….

A

internal herniation , The length of the intestine may enter and be constricted.

33
Q

Duodenal recesses: around the fourth
pa rt of duodenum :

A

A-Superior duodenal recess

B- Inferior duodenal recess

C-Retroduodenal recess

D- Paraduodenal recess

34
Q

Caecal recesses :

A
  • Around the caecum

-Following
acute appendicitis, paracaecal recesses are common sites for “abscess formations”

35
Q

Three caecal recesses are present:

A

• Superior ileocaecal recess

• Inferior ileocaecal recess

• Retrocaecal recess

36
Q

Sub phrenic :

Sub hepatic :

Hepatorenal : between the inferior surface of the liver and right kidney.

A
  • Sub phrenic : below the diaphragm
  • Sub hepatic : below the liver

-Hepatorenal : between the inferior surface of the liver and right kidney.

37
Q

Types of peritoneal folds :

A

• Omenta.

• Mesenteries.

• Ligaments.

38
Q

The peritoneal ligaments, omenta, and mesenteries permit blood, lymph vessels, and nerves to reach the……

A

viscera

39
Q

Two layered fold of peritoneum connecting the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum to other abdominal organs

A

Omenta

40
Q

The lesser omentum attaches the…………of the ………… to the…….

A

lesser curvature of the stomach , liver

41
Q

The greater omentum connects the ……….. of the………. to the …………

A

greater curvature of the stomach , transverse colon

42
Q

Lesser omentum Ascends as a double fold to the:

A

porta hepatis of liver

fissure for ligamentum venosum.

43
Q

Contents between the two layers of the
lesser omentum:

A

• Close to the right free margin, are the:
hepatic artery, common bile duct, portal vein, lymphatics, and hepatic plexus of nerves.

• At the attachement to the stomach:
run the right and left gastric vessels.

44
Q

The largest peritoneal fold :

A

Greater omentum

45
Q

Greater omentum It consists of :

A

-double sheet of peritoneum

-folded on itself

  • made up of four layers (anterior 2 layers + posterior 2 layers).

-The two layers which descend from the greater curveature pass downward in front of the small intestines, then “turn upon themselves”, and ascend to the “transverse colon”, where they separate and enclose it.

46
Q

It has a role in immunity and is sometimes referred to as the ‘abdominal policeman’ because it can migrate to infected :

A

Greater omentum

47
Q

The Contents of Greater omentum :

A

right and left gastroepiploic

48
Q

mesentery :

A
  • double layer
  • connects an intraperitoneal organ to the posterior abdominal wall.
  • provides a pathway for nerves, blood vessels and lymphatics
49
Q

The mesentery for example:

A

• Mesentery of small intestine

• transverse mesocolon

• sigmoid mesocolons

• the mesoappendix

50
Q

The mesentery of the small intestine :

A
  • The root is narrow
  • about 15 cm long, 20 cm in width
  • directed obliquely from the” duodenojejunal flexure “at the left side of the second “lumbar vertebra” to the” right sacroiliac joint” .
51
Q

Hepatogastric ligament :

connecting the …….. to the …….

A

connects the liver to the stomach

52
Q

Falciform ligament :

connecting the ………… to the ………….

A

connecting the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

53
Q

Coronary and triangular ligaments :

connecting the ……. ..to the ……….

A

connecting the liver to the diaphragm.

54
Q

Gastro phrenic ligament :

connecting the ……….. to the ………

A

connecting the stomach to the diaphragm

55
Q

Gastro splenic ligament :

connecting the …………. to the ……..

A

connecting the stomach to the spleen

56
Q

Lienorenal ligament :

connecting the ……… to the………

A

connecting the spleen to the left kidney.

57
Q

Nerve Supply of the Peritoneum :

A
  • The parietal peritoneum
  • The visceral peritoneum
58
Q

The parietal peritoneum is sensitive to :

A

pain, temperature, touch, and pressure.

59
Q

The parietal peritoneum lining the anterior abdominal wall is supplied by:

A

lower six thoracic (lower 6 intercostal ) and first lumbar nerves.

60
Q

( The parietal peritoneum )

The central part of the diaphragmatic peritoneum is supplied by the :

A

phrenic nerves

Anatomy (8 decks)

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