L3: Ulcers, Sinuses & Fistulas (Pt 1) Flashcards
(38 cards)
1
Q
Def of Ulcer
A
break in the continuity of covering epithelium, either skin or mucous membrane.
2
Q
Parts of Ulcer
A
3
Q
Margin of Ulcer
A
- line of demarcation between ulcer and normal tissue.
- It may be regular (rounded or oval) or irregular.
4
Q
Edge of Ulcer
A
- is the part connecting floor to the margin.
5
Q
Floor of Ulcer
A
- It is the part which is seen.
- Floor may contain discharge, granulation tissue.
6
Q
Base of Ulcer
A
- It is the part which is felt where ulcer rests.
- It may be bone or soft tissues
7
Q
Types of Edges
A
8
Q
Sloping Edge
A
It is seen in healing ulcer
9
Q
Undermined Edge
A
- is seen in tuberculous ulcer.
- Disease process advances in deeper plane (in subcutaneous tissue) whereas epidermis (skin) proliferates inwards.
10
Q
Punched Out Edge
A
- is seen in gummatous (syphilitic) ulcer and trophic ulcer.
- It is due to end arteritis.
11
Q
Raised & Beaded Edge
A
- (pearly white) is seen in rodent ulcer (BCC).
- Beads are due to proliferating active cells.
12
Q
Everted Edge
A
- (Rolled out)
- It is seen in carcinomatous ulcer due to spill of the proliferating malignant tissues over the normal skin.
13
Q
Examples of Ulcers
A
14
Q
Types of Margins
A
15
Q
Healing Margin
A
three zones from inside out.
- First is red zone due to central red healthy granulation tissue.
- second is middle blue zone due to active growing epithelium.
- third is outer white zone due to well formed scar.
16
Q
Inflamed Margin
A
It is red, irregular with inflamed surrounding skin.
17
Q
Fibrosed Margin
A
Thick white
18
Q
Classification of Ulcers
A
- Clinically
- Pathologically
- based on duration
19
Q
Clinical Classification of Ulcers
A
20
Q
Pathological Classification of Ulcers
A
21
Q
Classification of Ulcers based on duration
A
22
Q
Causes of Chronic Ulcer
A
23
Q
Def of Sinuses
A
blind track lined by granulation tissue leading from an epithelial surface into the underlying tissues.
24
Q
Classification of Sinuses
A
25
what are the Commonest cause of sinus in neck?
TB
26
Tuberculosis in Neck
27
Def of **Fistula**
abnormal communication between two hollow
viscous or between hollow viscous and body
surface.
28
Classification of **Fistulas**
- Based on Cause
- Based on Number
- Based on involvment of tissue
- Based on Type
- Based on opening
- Based on output
29
Classification of **Fistulas** based on cause
30
Classification of **Fistulas** based on number
may be single or multiple.
31
Classification of **Fistulas** based on involvment of tissues
- External: From viscus to skin
- Internal: From viscus to viscus
32
what are external fistulas & what are examples of it?
**From viscus to skin**
- Orocutaneous.
- Branchial fistula.
- Thyroglossal fistula.
- Enterocutaneous fistula.
33
what are internal fistulas & What are examples of it?
**Internal: From viscus to viscus**
- TEF
- Cholecystoduodenal fistula.
- Colovesical fistula.
- Rectovaginal fistula.
34
Classification of **Fistulas** based on type
Simple: direct track
Complicated: variable course.
35
Classification of **Fistulas** based on opening
Lateral fistula: if fistula opening is from lateral aspect of viscus.
End fistula: if fistula opening is from end of the viscus.
36
Classification of **Fistulas** based on output
37
In pancreatic fistula-high output ........ & low output .......
> 200 ml/day - < 200 ml/day.
38
what are causes of persistence of a sinus or fistula?
What are causes of a non-healed fistula?
What are surgical indications of fistular repair?
