L4 Gait Deviation

Question 1

gait deviations of the trunk

Answer 1

lateral lean (L/R, forward/back), lateral rotation

Question 2

Factors to note about gait deviation

Answer 2

side (L/R), joint/area, swing or stance deviation

Question 3

skeletal causes of gait deviations

Answer 3

leg length difference, hip dysplasia, hip/bone fusion

Question 4

pelvic gait deviations

Answer 4

excess rotation, excess elevation, pelvic tilt, drop

Question 5

abductor lurch/glut med gait

Answer 5

lateral lean towards involved side due to glut med weakness

Question 6

trendelenburg gait

Answer 6

contralateral pelvic drop to involved side due to glut med weakness

Question 7

difference between abductor lurch and trendelenburg

Answer 7

two different biomechanical strategies to overcome the same problem and reduce glut med strain

Question 8

short limb syndrome

Answer 8

ipsilateral pelvic drop, due to leg length discrepancy
differentiate from abductor lurch/weak glut med with a limb length test

Question 9

waddling gait

Answer 9

bilateral pelvic drop
ER, penguin walk

Question 10

glut max gait

Answer 10

in stance, hips come forward and torso moves posterior because lacking extension strength

Question 11

hip hike

Answer 11

raise affected hip in swing to clear foot from ground

Question 12

hip circumduction

Answer 12

foot kicks out to the side in swing while hips stay level to clear foot from ground
often in AKA amputees

Question 13

knee hyperextension

Answer 13

in midstance knee hyperextends

Question 14

knee flexion abnormality in gait

Answer 14

knee never fully extends in end of swing or trailing limb
could be due to limited ROM
knee absorbing stress leading to higher risk of OA

Question 15

knee varus

Answer 15

knee falls out away from midline

Question 16

foot drop/high steppage gait

Answer 16

no heel strike, full foot making contact with ground

Question 17

flat foot/calcaneal gait

Answer 17

due to rigid or painful forefoot, no flexibility in forefoot so foot stays flat throughout stance

Question 18

vaulting

Answer 18

excess plantarflexion in stance, avoids circumduction of swing leg by doing contralateral plantarflexion to clear swing foot

Question 19

foot slap

Answer 19

no deceleration from heel strike, foot slaps onto ground once initial contact starts

Question 20

heel off gait

Answer 20

no heel strike, mid/forefoot first contact

Question 21

foot drop

Answer 21

due to peripheral nerve injury, NM disease
affects swing phase mainly when trying to clear the foot, leads to gait deviations to clear

Question 22

etiology of gait deviations

Answer 22

normal aging
pharmaceutical
disease
injury

Question 23

categories of gait deviations causes

Answer 23

biomechanical (joint/skeletal), muscular, neuromuscular