L4 - Nature Conservation

Question 1

What are considered to be species?

Answer 1

Animals, Birds and Plants

Question 2

What type of landscapes need to be protected?

Answer 2

National Parks
AONBs
World Heritage Sites
Heritage Coasts

Question 3

What are Ramsar Sites?

Answer 3

Wetlands of International Importance

Question 4

What is an SAC?

Answer 4

Special Area of Conservation

Question 5

What is an SPA?

Answer 5

Special Protection Area

Question 6

Which EU directive works to protect SACs? (Including the Directive Code)

Answer 6

The Habitats Directive (92/43/EC)

Question 7

Which EU directive works to protect SPAs? (Including the Directive Code)

Answer 7

The Wild Birds Directive (79/409/EC)

Question 8

What is the full name of Directive 92/43/EC?

Answer 8

Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora

Question 9

What is the full name of Directive 79/409/EC?

Answer 9

Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds

Question 10

What is a European Marine Site?

Answer 10

A collective term for SACs and SPAs covered by tidal water

Question 11

What is the aim of a National Nature Reserve (NNR) and how does it differ from a SSSI?

Answer 11

To protect wildlife and geology but it is owned and managed by conservation agencies not by landowners like for SSSIs

Question 12

What is the aim of a SSSI and how does it differ from a NNR?

Answer 12

To protect wildlife and geology but it is owned and managed by landowners not by conservation agencies like for NNRs

Question 13

What is the aim of a Local Nature Reserve (LNR)?

Answer 13

To protect wildlife and geology that is of specific local interest

Question 14

Name 2 Conservation Agencies

Answer 14

1. DEFRA

2. NRW

Question 15

What does CROWA stand for?

Answer 15

The Countryside and Rights of Way Act (2000)

Question 16

What is Stage 1 of the SAC selection and designation process?

Answer 16

Member States must send the EC a list of candidate sites using criteria laid down in Annex II of the Directive

Question 17

What is Stage 2 of the SAC selection and designation process?

Answer 17

EC draws up lists of sites of Community Importance (SCIs) using criteria set out in Annex III

Question 18

What is Stage 3 of the SAC selection and designation process?

Answer 18

Submission of national proposed sites and the drafting of a European list of SCIs by the EC

Question 19

What is Stage 4 of the SAC selection and designation process?

Answer 19

After consultation with scientific experts a separate list of sites where one or more priority habitats or species are found is produced and termed Priority Sites. A Member State must designate sites for the protection of the priorities habitats and species under Annexes I and II

Question 20

What is Stage 5 of the SAC selection and designation process?

Answer 20

Once the final list is adopted by the EC, the Member State must designate the sites as SACs within the next 6 years. Only after designation are sites afforded the highest level of protection under Article 6 of the Directive

Question 21

Give 7 reasons why we should conserve

Answer 21

1. Goods have economic and social values
2. Research and Education
3. Aesthetics, culture and spiritualism
4. To protect emblematic animals
5. To protect ecosystem services
6. To reduce threats of development an habitat loss/degradation
7. To reduce threats of environmental pollution

Question 22

In what year, did the biodiversity convention preamble outline the importance of conservation?

Answer 22

1992

Question 23

What are the 3 national sites?

Answer 23

1. SSSI
2. NNR
3. Marine Conservation Zones

Question 24

Give 7 mechanisms for nature conservation

Answer 24

1. Habitat/Site Designation
2. Mangement Schemes/Organisations
3. Individual Protection
4. Funding/Grants
5. Private Purchase
6. BAPs
7. Legislation (National, EU & International)

Question 25

Give 5 examples of conservation agencies

Answer 25

1. NRW 2. EA 3. DEFRA 4. Natural England 5. Local Authority

Question 26

Where is the Public Sector Duty outlined?

Answer 26

Section 40 of NERC Act 2006

Question 27

Which act introduced NNRs and SSSIs?

Answer 27

National Parks and Access to Countryside Act 1949

Question 28

How many NNRs are there in England and Wales?

Answer 28

England - 224 | Wales - 76

Question 29

How many SSSIs are there in the UK?

Answer 29

7,000

Question 30

Do SSSIs cover the marine environment?

Answer 30

No

Question 31

Section 28 (1) of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 states 3 people who have to be notified of a SSSI, who are they?

Answer 31

1. Local Planning Authority 2. Every owner and occupier on the land 3. The SoS

Question 32

What does CROWA require when notifying SSSIs?

Answer 32

A list of the special features and damaging activities

Question 33

Within what time frame must consent be gained for SSSIs?

Answer 33

4-Months

Question 34

What are the 3 pillars of activity for a Ramsar Site?

Answer 34

1. The designation of wetlands of international importance 2. The promotion of the wise use of all wetlands in the territory of each country 3. International cooperation with other countries to further the wise use of wetlands and their resources

Question 35

What is Natura 2000?

Answer 35

An EU wide network of sites, which are significant for their conservation importance (coherent ecological network of SACs and SPAs)

Question 36

How often must a report be produced for an SAC?

Answer 36

6-Years

Question 37

What is criteria?

Answer 37

"Measures taken pursuant to the directive shall take account of economic, social and cultural considerations to influence the designation of candidate SACs"

Question 38

Which Article of the Wild Birds Directive refers to conserving and managing SPAs?

Answer 38

Article 4 (4)

Question 39

Which Articles of the Habitats Directive refer to managing and conserving them?

Answer 39

Article 6 (1), (2), (3) and (4)

Question 40

Which regulations implement SACs and SPAs to the UK?

Answer 40

Conservation (Natural Habitats) Regulations 1994

Question 41

All terrestrial SACs are SSSIs - true or false?

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Which directive can be used to consider future directions?

Answer 42

Environmental Liability Directive 2004/35/EC