L46. Locomotion

Question 1

Name the 3 components of the axial skeleton

Answer 1

Head
neck
trunk

Question 2

Name 3 components of the appendicular skeleton.

Answer 2

Limbs
pectoral girdle
Pelvic girdle

Question 3

Describe the type of connective tissue that cartilage is.

Answer 3

Semi-rigid connective tissue providing flexibility.

Question 4

Is cartilage vascular or avascular?

Answer 4

Avascular

Question 5

What does articular cartilage do?

Answer 5

Reduces friction

Question 6

Name the components of longbones.

Answer 6

Compact bone
spongy bone
medullary cavity

Question 7

What is compact bone for?

Answer 7

Weight bearing

Question 8

Give the anatomical name for :
long bones
short bones
flat bones

Answer 8

long bones - tubular
short bones - cuboidal
flat bones - protective

Question 9

Name 3 areas of long bones.

Answer 9

Diaphysis (shaft)
Epiphysis (ends)
Metaphysis (area of growth between epiphysis and diaphysis)

Question 10

What form of articular cartilage is found on longbones and where?

Answer 10

Hyaline - on the ends

Question 11

Where is the periosteum?

Answer 11

Outermost layer of bone

Question 12

What is found in the medullary cavity?

Answer 12

Bone marrow (yellow/red)

Question 13

Where is the endosteum?

Answer 13

It surrounds the medullary cavity

Question 14

What does the “medial plane” of the body show?

Answer 14

split down between the eyes.

Question 15

What does the “sagittal plane” of the body show?

Answer 15

off-centre (shoulder to leg)

Question 16

What does the “frontal plane” of the body show?

Answer 16

Head and face are separated down the ears

Question 17

What does the transverse plane of the body show?

Answer 17

The body is sectioned horizontally.

Question 18

Which planar view is the same as coronal?

Answer 18

Frontal view.

Question 19

Give examples of “extension”

Answer 19

Arms back
Arms bent to straight
Legs back
Legs bent to straight

Question 20

Give examples of flexion.

Answer 20

Arms forward
Arms straight to bent
Legs forward
Legs straight to bent

Question 21

What is opposition?

Answer 21

Thumb and pinkie touching

Question 22

What is reposition?

Answer 22

Thumb and pinkie not touching

Question 23

What is supination?

Answer 23

Palm to ceiling

Question 24

What is pronation?

Answer 24

Palm to ground

Question 25

What is adduction?

Answer 25

5 fingers flat together

Question 26

What is abduction?

Answer 26

5 fingers spread out flat

Question 27

What is eversion?

Answer 27

ankle rotation - Pinkie toe to ceiling

Question 28

What is inversion?

Answer 28

ankle rotation - Big toe to ceiling

Question 29

What is dorsiflexion?

Answer 29

Toes to the sky

Question 30

What is plantarflexion?

Answer 30

Toes to the floor

Question 31

What is circumduction?

Answer 31

leg in circular movements - hip rotation

Question 32

What is elevation?

Answer 32

Shoulders move up

Question 33

What is depression?

Answer 33

Shoulders move down

Question 34

What is protraction?

Answer 34

Arms in front of body

Question 35

What is retraction?

Answer 35

Arms behind body

Question 36

What is protrusion?

Answer 36

mandible forward

Question 37

What is retrusion?

Answer 37

Mandible backwards

Question 38

Which joints are stable and unstable when standing?

Answer 38

Hip and knee are stable | Ankle is much less stable

Question 39

What is the "Gait cycle"?

Answer 39

Shows how we walk with the proportion of time we walk with support.

Question 40

Name the 2 phases in 2 physical steps and the % of support for each phase.

Answer 40

Stance phase - 10% double support 40% single support 10% double support Swing phase - 40% single support

Question 41

``` Where can you find the : Condyle Iliac crest facet joints foramen fossa ```

Answer 41

``` Condyle - mandible Iliac crest - top wings of pelvis facet joints - they connect articular process of 2 vertebrae) foramen - base of skull fossa - in scapula ```

Question 42

``` Where can you find the : groove head line malleolus notch ```

Answer 42

``` groove - head of humerus head - femur line - lateral condyle of tibia malleolus - medial malleolus on tibia, lateral malleolus on fibula notch - empty wing in pelvis ```

Question 43

``` Where can you find the : protuberance spine spinous process trochanter trochlea ```

Answer 43

``` protuberance - occipital bone spine - scapula spinous process - vertebrae trochanter - below the neck of the femur trochlea - humerus ```

Question 44

Describe the difference between a tubercle and a tuberosity

Answer 44

Tubercle - small rounded prominence | Tuberosity - Moderate prominence