L61. Voluntary Movement Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in L61. Voluntary Movement Deck (20)
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1
Q

In the spinal cord, name the regions of white matter next to the following grey matter regions :
Dorsal horn
Intermediate horn
Ventral horn

A

Dorsal horn - dorsal funiculus
Intermediate horn - intermediate funiculus
Ventral horn - ventral funiculus

2
Q

Which homunculus is closer to the forehead; sensory or motor?

A

Motor homunculus

3
Q

Describe what the corticobulbar pathway does.

A

Innervates cranial nerve nuclei (bilateral)

4
Q

Which cranial nerves does the corticobulbar pathway innervate?

A

Trigeminal
Facial
Vagus
Hypoglossal

5
Q

What does the corticospinal pathway control?

A

Movement of the limbs and trunk

6
Q

Where do pathways to motor neurons in the hands, feet, lower half of the face and tongue originate from?

A

The opposite side of the brain

7
Q

What type of commands does the upper half of the face receive?

A

Bilateral descending cortical commands eg gag reflex

8
Q

Describe the path in the corticospinal and corticobulbar pathways from the upper motor neuron to the muscle.

A

Upper motor neuron (motor cortex)
to
Lower motor neuron (brainstem/spinal cord)
to muscle

9
Q

What does lower motor neuron injury in the final common pathway cause?

A

No reflexes and no voluntary movement.

10
Q

What does upper motor neuron injury (CNS injury, eg stroke) cause?

A

No voluntary movement but exaggerated reflexes

11
Q

Which region of the brain deals with emotion, perception and motor control?

A

Insular cortex

12
Q

What is the basal ganglia made up of?

A

Several interconnected sub-cortical nuclei.

13
Q

What does the basal ganglia do?

A

Regulates motor cortex output.

14
Q

What does damage to basal ganglia cause?

A

Movement disorders

15
Q

Give 2 examples of movement disorders along with whether they are hypokinetic or hyperkinetic.

A

Parkinson’s - hypokinetic

Huntington’s - hyperkinetic

16
Q

Give a cause of Parkinson’s disease

A

Dopamine deficiency

17
Q

Give a cause of huntington’s disease.

A

Imbalance of neurotransmitters (decreased GABA)

18
Q

Name the centre and outer cylinders of the cerebellum.

A

Centre - vermis

Outer cylinders - hemisphere

19
Q

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

Balance (proprioceptors)

20
Q

Give the name of a disorder related to the cerebellum.

A

Parkinson’s (tremor)

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