L71 Flashcards
(35 cards)
What are the 5 types of ovarian surface epithelial tumors? Which 2 can arise from endometriosis?
- Serous
- Mucinous
- Endometrioid - endometriosis
- Clear cell - endometriosis
- Brenner/transitional
Explain the differences between benign, borderline, and malignant serous ovarian tumors
- Benign = serous cystadenoma = simple, flat lining
- Borderline = velvety, implants in abdomen as independent tumors (not mets)
- Malignant = serous carcinoma, thick + shaggy
What is the name for a benign serous or mucinous ovarian tumor?
Serous or mucinous cystadenoma
What is the tumor progression pathway to get a low grade serous ovarian carcinoma?
Cystadenoma // endometriosis -> borderline -> low grade
What is the tumor progression pathway to get a high grade serous ovarian carcinoma? What are the genes involved?
Think BRCA 1/2 + p53
Inclusion cyst
High grade
Presentation of mucinous ovarian cancer
HUGE, most benign
“Bag jelly beans”
What is a pseudomyxoma peritonei
Bilat mucinous ovarian tumor as met from appendix mucinous tumor
For epithelial tumors, describe the role of: Age Cystic vs solid tumors Bi vs unilat tumors Those associated with endometrisois
OVARIAN SURFACE EPI TUMOR
- Older = more likely to be malig
- Benign - cystic, solid - malignant
- Bilat more likely to be mets except serous
- Endometrioid + clear cell associated with endometriosis
What is a Krukenberg tumor? Unil or bilat, histology
Diffuse gastric cancer - mets to the bilat ovaries
Histo: signet ring
Which type of ovarian tumor presents before 20 yo + unilateral
Ovaruan germ cell tumors
You can guess what a mature teratoma is - so what is an immature teratoma? Treat
Contains immature neuro tissue (brain)
High grade will need chemo regardless of resection b/c immature tissue indications malignant potential (vs mature teratoma = benign)
What is a dysgerminoma Benign vs malignant Uni or bilat Enzyme elevated Age Prognosis
Ovarian "seminoma" Malignancy of oocytes Unilat Young women: 20-30s High LDH Responds to treatment
Yolk sac tumor = endodermal sinus tumor
Age
Elevated in serum
Histo
Malignant tumor in GIRLS High AFP (normally secreted by yolk sac) Schiller Duval bodies = glomerulus-like
Name the 5 types of germ cell tumors
Teratoma (mature vs immature) Dysgerminoma (oocytes) Yolk sac tumor = endodermal sinus tumor Choriocarcinoma (placental tissue) Embryonal carcinoma = emybro like, large primitive cells
2 types of sex cord stromal tissues
Ganulosa-theca cell tumor
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
What is Meigs syndrome?
Ovarian tumor = fibroma
Hydrothorax
Ascities
Describe presentation of granulosa tumor
Makes E - signs of E excess 1. Early puberty 2. Bleeding out of cycle 3. Post-meno bleeding Excess E likely to cause endometrial HYPERPLASIA + CARCINOMA
Serum + histo findings granulosa tumor
Inhibin = serum tumor marker
Coffee bean nuclei = Call Exner bodies
What is the normal vascular architecture of the umbilical cord?
2 arteries
1 vein
: o
What is oligohydramnios? What syndrome/sequence may result from prolonged/severe oligo?
Too little amniotic fluid
POTTER’s sequence = no amniotic fluid to swallow = lung hypoplasia
- May be due to congenital lab of kidneys/UT
Characteristic facial appearance after being smooshed on placenta
What is meconium? How could this signal fetal insult?
Baby poop - should only happen around time of delivery
If green, distress that caused pooping is removed (umbilical cord spasm)
What is placenta previa + complication
Placenta implanted into lower segment of uterus - lies over cervix
Can’t deliver through obstructed cervix - C section
What is placenta accreta + complication
Placenta into the myometrium - too tight
Hemorrhage -> may need to remove uterus at birth
Same idea, deeper invasion = placenta increta + percreta
What is twin twin transfusion syndrome
Anastimosis of the arteries so that one baby under profused (cause of death) and the other is over (dies CHF)
