L9- drug elimination - renal excretion

Question 1

what influences the amount and rate of drug absorption

Answer 1

physiochemical properties

Question 2

what shortens duration of action

Answer 2

drug being retained in the plasma because its water soluble , so it can reach the organs of elimination more quickly

Question 3

what extends the duration of action

Answer 3

if the drug is highly bound to plasma proteins so it cant be filtered and removed by the kidney as effectively

Question 4

what happens when drug is widely distributed through the tissues

Answer 4

takes longer to reach the organs of elimination because it has been removed from the circulation, which can extend its half-life, however if the drug is retained in the tissues then less of it can reach its target which can reduce the clinical response.

Question 5

drug metabolism

Answer 5

transformation f a drug into a form that is readily excreted by modification of iits molecular properties ( more water soluble)

Question 6

drug ecvretion

Answer 6

removal of modified species from the body, primarily via the kidney for water soluble species

Question 7

how are drugs detected at macro level

Answer 7

colour and smell

Question 8

how are drugs detected at the micro level

Answer 8

analytical spectroscopy/xpectrometry

Question 9

metabolism in terms of log p

Answer 9

want to reduce ( either by adding -ve log p fragments or removing + log p fragments)

Question 10

positive log d

Answer 10

oil layer- so reabsorbed into bloodstream - reduced excretion

Question 11

lowering log p lowers log D so

Answer 11

it can be excreted more readily

Question 12

what factors effect excretion

Answer 12

• plasma protein binding
• age
• renal function
• blood flow