Lab 1

Question 1

Give the types of drug therapy

Answer 1

1. Individual therapy
2. Mass medication
3. Causative treatment
4. Symptomatic (palliative treatment)

Question 2

Prophylaxis

Answer 2

Treatment taken to prevent a disease

Question 3

Metaphylaxis

Answer 3

Mass medication of animals in anticipation of an outbreak

• Uses therapy and prophylaxis together

Question 4

Ex juvantibus

Answer 4

Making interference about a disease causation from the observed response of a disease to a drug/treatment

Question 5

Give the 6 categories of drug usage

Answer 5

1. Therapy
2. Prophylaxis (Prevention)
3. Metaphylaxis
4. Growth promotion
5. Diagnosis ex juvantibus
6. Euthanasia

Question 6

Examples of drugs used for growth promotion

Answer 6

• Probiotics
• Prebiotics
• Synbiotics

Question 7

Sources of drugs can be either…

Answer 7

1. Non-immunological
2. Immunological (vaccines, serums)

Question 8

To be authorised, medicines are required to have…

Answer 8

1. Unique name, dose form, package
2. Target animal species + indication
3. Efficacy and safety in target animals
4. Withdrawal period (WP)

Question 9

Give the drugs cascade

Answer 9

1. Drug use for other indication
2. Drug use for other species
3. Drug use authorised for humans
4. Official or prepared medicine

Question 10

Withdrawal period for:

• Eggs
• Milk
• Meat
• Fish
• Equine products

Answer 10

• Eggs = 7 days
• Milk = 7 days
• Meat = 28 days
• Fish = 500 degree days
• Equine products = 6 months

Question 11

Give the classifications of veterinary medical products

Answer 11

1. AVM-GSL
2. NFA-VPS
3. POM-V
4. POM-VPS
5. ESPA
6. Homeopathic remedies

Question 12

AVM-GSL is an abbreviation for…

Answer 12

Authorised Veterinary Medicine - General Sales List

Question 13

AVM-GSL

Answer 13

• Can be sold without restriction
• Ø Prescription
• Can be advertised to the general public

Question 14

NFA-VPS is an abbreviation for…

Answer 14

Non-food animal - Veterinarian, Pharmacist, SQP*

_{^{*Suitably qualified person}}

Question 15

NFA-VPS

Answer 15

• Can be sold in pharmacies (over the counter)
• Ø Prescription
• Can be advertised to the general public

Question 16

POM-V is an abbreviation for…

Answer 16

Prescription-only medicine - Veterinarian

Question 17

POM-V

Answer 17

• Can only be sold in pharmacies
• Can be sold by the veterinarian
• Controlled drugs

Question 18

POM-VPS is an abbreviation for…

Answer 18

Prescription-only medicine - Veterinarian, Pharmacist, SQP

Question 19

POM-VPS

Answer 19

• Mainly for food-producing animals, sometimes not
• Animals don’t need to be under the prescriber
• Can be advertised to the general public

Question 20

ESPA is an abbreviation for…

Answer 20

Exemption for small pet animals

Question 21

ESPA products

Answer 21

• For minor species of small animals
• Can be sold without restriction

Question 22

Give the considerations when dispensing drugs

Answer 22

1. Toxicity, therapeutic index
2. Global impact (antibiotics)
3. Hazard of abuse or addiction

Question 23

Give the temperature requirements of drugs:

• Room temperature
• Refrigerated temperature
• Deep frozen
• Should not be frozen

Answer 23

• Room temperature = Max. 25-30 °C
• Refrigerated temperature = 2-8 °C
• Deep frozen = < -15 °C
• Should not be frozen = >2 °C

Question 24

Give the importance of stability of drugs

Answer 24

• Benefits may decrease
• Toxicity of drugs may be increased

Question 25

Increased of toxicity of Tetracyclines

Answer 25

Tetracyclines → Anhydrotetracyclines

Question 26

Increase of toxicity of Diazinon

Answer 26

Diazinon → Diazoxon

Question 27

Increased of toxicity of Rifampicin

Answer 27

Rifampicin → Potential allergic reactions

Question 28

In terms of drug expiration, what % of the active ingredient is guaranteed?

Answer 28

95%

Question 29

Typical expiry time for authorised medicines

Answer 29

2-5 years

Question 30

Typical expiry time for prepared medicines

Answer 30

Days-months

Question 31

Typical expiry time for authorised medicines after opening ## Footnote *^{_{(multiple-dose injections/drops ointments)}}*

Answer 31

28 days

Question 32

Which drug types are no longer acceptable for growth promotion?

Answer 32

* GH * β2-agonists (Reduce fat) * Antibiotics

Question 33

Give the importance of article 37/2010 EC

Answer 33

When used with food-producing animals * Table 1 - Drugs which are authorised * Table 2 - Drugs which are _prohibited_

Question 34

Give the importance of article 122/2013 EC

Answer 34

List of substances essential for the treatment of Equidae (6 months)

Question 35

'MRL'

Answer 35

Maximum authorised residue limit

Question 36

"Off label"

Answer 36

Not following the instructions on the label correctly ^{Requires notification to the animal's owner}

Question 37

POM-V drugs cannot be...

Answer 37

Advertised to the public

Question 38

ESPA drugs are normally used for...

Answer 38

Minor species * Rabbits * Turtles etc.

Question 39

How long does it take for propofol to expire?

Answer 39

Within hours of use

Question 40

Prepared medicine

Answer 40

* Prepared in a pharmacy - Pure substance prepared from official substances * No fancy name; No special packaging; No dosage form

Question 41

Official medicine

Answer 41

Pure substances

Question 42

"List the real drugs"

Answer 42

1. Veterinary licensed medicine 2. Human licensed medicine 3. Official and prepared medicine 4. Immunologicals

Question 43

If a fish lives in 15 degree water how long is the withdrawal period for a non-­listed drug?

Answer 43

500 Degree Days So 500/15 = _33.3 days_

Question 44

Describe and give one example for a preventive drug

Answer 44

Prophylaxis ## Footnote *example: flea or tick treatment, wound cleaning etc.*

Question 45

Give examples of POM-V

Answer 45

Controlled drugs (Schedule 2, 3, 4 and 5) * Morphine * Pentobarbitone * Diazepam

Question 46

Medicine for salmon has 400DD. Used for trout, what is the WP?

Answer 46

500 DD is used because this would be off-label.