Lab 4

Question 1

Powder for external use

Answer 1

• Usage reduced
• Active substances: Antibiotics, antiseptics, antimycotics, ectoparasiticides
• Binders: Talcum, zinc oxide etc.

Question 2

Powder for internal use

Answer 2

Administration: per os

Categories:

• Water-soluble powder (for use in drinking water)
• Powder for in-feed use
• Powder for oral solution and suspension
• For direct administration (e.g capsule)

Question 3

Composition of powder for internal use

Answer 3

• Active substance
• Binder
  
  • Lactose
  • Sorbit
  • Glucose
  • Bran flour, cereal flour

Question 4

Univided drug

Answer 4

All in one package - Owner may divide further

Question 5

Divided drug

Answer 5

Drug divided into several units

(Pharmacise can separate)

Question 6

Talc can overstimulate…

Answer 6

Wound healing

Question 7

Dividation

Answer 7

• Less precise
• Quicker

Question 8

Dispensation

Answer 8

• More precise
• Slower

Question 9

Granules: usage

Answer 9

• Farm animals: Mixed in feed/drinking water
• Small animals, human: For solution/mixed in feed

Question 10

Granules: Composition

Answer 10

• Active substance
• Binder
  
  • Saccharose
  • Lactose
• Adhesive
  
  • Water
  • Ethanol
• Coating (if needed)

Question 11

Two types of granule within one capsule

Answer 11

Question 12

Medicated premix

Answer 12

Used for preparing medicated feeding stuff

• Always authorised veterinary product
• Farmer is mixer + owner/feeder

Question 13

What are the authorised vet drug (via feed) classifications

Answer 13

• Type A medicated article (pure drug)
• Type B medicated feed (feed containing drug)
• Type C medicated feed (Weakest form)

Question 14

Examples of feed supplements

Answer 14

• Microelements
• Vitamins
• Prebiotics

Question 15

Premix: Usage

Answer 15

• Per os: Small & large scale productions as well
• Powder, granulated (microencapsulated), liquid
• Homogenous mixing (large scale production: feed mills)

Question 16

Premix: Composition

Answer 16

• Active substance:
  
  • Medicated premix: Drugs
  • Feed supplements: microelements, vitamins, prebiotics, probiotics
• Binder:
  
  • Similar to feed (with nutritional value)

Question 17

Capsule: Usage

Answer 17

• Per os, without chewing
• Only for individual treatment

Small animal medicine

Question 18

Soft capsule

Answer 18

• Earlier: Gelatine, sugar, glycerol, water
• Nowadays: Synthetic polymers, thicker wall
• 10-15min digestion time

Question 19

Hard capsule

Answer 19

• Capsule Ø glycerol
• Dissolves in gastric fluid (15 mins)
• E.g hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Question 20

Gastro-resistant capsule (soft or hard)

Answer 20

• Film-coated tablets
• E.g methacrylate coating
• Capsula intestinosolvens

Survives low pH in the stomach, digested at higher pH later on

Question 21

Tablet, dragee

Answer 21

Most precise divided form

• Per os
• Intrauterine, intravaginal
• For preparing solutions

Question 22

Tablet: Composition

Answer 22

• Active substance
• Binder
• Adhesive
• Lubricant
• Colouring/flavouring agents

Question 23

Tablet coating

Answer 23

“Coated tablet”

• Dragees, film-coated tablets (can be intestinosolvent)
• TiO₂ (Titanium oxide) layer → Protects tablet from daylight

Question 24

NSAIDS should not be used in…

Answer 24

Dog and Cat

• Causes gastric ulcer

Question 25

Slow-release tablets are preferred for...

Answer 25

Animals such as cats (*aggressive*) to reduce the number of times administration is needed

Question 26

Modified release tablet types

Answer 26

* Insoluble matrix * Soluble matrix * Intraruminal bolus

Question 27

Insoluble matrix

Answer 27

Question 28

Soluble matrix

Answer 28

* Tablet containing pores * Internal OROS system * *Osmotically active*

Question 29

Intraruminal bolus

Answer 29

* Large tablets * Sustained-release/Pulse release * *Kexxtone (keep away from dogs)*

Question 30

Herbal tea

Answer 30

* Per os/Topical (for washing wound) * Infusion (essential oils) * Decoction (substances that are difficult to extract) * Maceration

Question 31

Herbal tea: Composition

Answer 31

Active substance with mild effect + herbal parts

Question 32

Transdermal patch/implant

Answer 32

Continuous, prolonged release

Question 33

Transdermal patch

Answer 33

Drugs with excellent dermal absorption * Systemic effect (e.g analgesics)

Question 34

Subdermal implant

Answer 34

* Frequently used * Oestrus synchronisation * Deslorelin

Question 35

Antiparasitic collars and ear tags

Answer 35

* Dogs, cats = Collar * Ruminants = Impregnated ear tags Prescription not normally needed

Question 36

Vaginal delivery system

Answer 36

* Oestrus synchronisation (progestagens) * Horses can't tolerate it * Might fall out